{"id":100062,"date":"2023-06-17T07:21:03","date_gmt":"2023-06-17T07:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=100062"},"modified":"2023-06-17T07:21:03","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T07:21:03","slug":"turkiye-su-alti-arkeoloji-haritasi-hazirlaniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=100062","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye su alt\u0131 arkeoloji haritas\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ko\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezinde (ANAMED) 16-17 Haziran\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen Uluslararas\u0131 Mustafa V. Ko\u00e7 Sualt\u0131 Arkeolojisi Sempozyumu\u2019na kat\u0131lan ABD\u2019nin Texas A&M \u00dcniversitesi Deniz Arkeolojisi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Prof. Dr. Cemal Pulak, T\u00fcrkiye su alt\u0131 arkeolojisinde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelere ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

DEF\u0130NEC\u0130LER SU ALTINDA DA DURMUYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karada oldu\u011fu gibi su alt\u0131nda da definecilerin talan\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. Pulak, \u201cSu alt\u0131nda talan daha zor olsa da oldu\u011fu kesin. Su alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir de\u011feri yok. Bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte bulunduklar\u0131 yer ve hi\u00e7 dokunulmam\u0131\u015f hali biz arkeologlara bilgi veriyor. Onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda troller de arkeolojik bat\u0131klara \u00e7ok fazla zarar veriyor. Bundan 30-40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131n olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bat\u0131klar ve amforalar trollerin par\u00e7alamas\u0131 sonucunda bug\u00fcn yok. Koylarda turizmin artmas\u0131 sonucu gemi ve teknelerin demirlemesiyle \u00e7apalar\u0131n verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar var. Onun i\u00e7in su alt\u0131ndaki arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca belgelenmesi ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

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BATIKLAR DALI\u015e TUR\u0130ZM\u0130NE A\u00c7ILIRSA SOYULMAYA M\u00dcSA\u0130T HALE GEL\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Su alt\u0131 arkeoloji turizminin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekleyen Pulak, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 kurallara uymak her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Bu su alt\u0131nda da ge\u00e7erli. Bat\u0131klar dal\u0131\u015f turizmine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rsa soyulmaya m\u00fcsait bir duruma gelmi\u015f oluyor. Rehberli dal\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bu talan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyenler de var. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dal\u0131\u015f turizmi yapan gruplar aras\u0131nda bile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabet var. Baz\u0131 gruplar bu bat\u0131klar\u0131 korurken baz\u0131lar\u0131 bunu bir kazan\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in fiyat politikas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidiyor. Bu durum da o b\u00f6lgeyi koruyan ekibin i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131na ve bat\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f hale gelip soyulmas\u0131na neden olabiliyor. Bu nedenle bat\u0131klar, turizme a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 kurabilmek \u00e7ok zor. Ama 2nci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra batm\u0131\u015f veya daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerdeki bat\u0131k gemiler, arkeolojik de\u011feri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in turizme a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bunun \u00f6rnekleri var\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

YEN\u0130KAPI BATIKLARINDA TSUNAM\u0130 ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yenikap\u0131\u2019da rastlanan 6\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l bat\u0131klar\u0131nda tsunami etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getiren Pulak, \u201c\u0130stanbul Yenikap\u0131\u2019da 37 bat\u0131k kaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n 8\u2019ini biz kazd\u0131k. O bat\u0131klar\u0131n tarihi 5\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 10uncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar gidiyor. 6\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131la tekab\u00fcl eden birka\u00e7 bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n tsunami etkisiyle zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin ediliyor. Tsunami var ve medeniyetlere etkisi olabiliyor. Kesin olarak tespit etmek zor olsa da Yenikap\u0131\u2019dan al\u0131nan \u00f6rneklerde a\u00e7\u0131k denizde bulunmas\u0131 gereken ufak h\u00fccreli foraminfera denilen hayvanlar\u0131n liman i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. O da ancak \u015fiddetli bir dalga ile gelmi\u015f olabilir. Tsunami var fakat bu nedenle batm\u0131\u015f bir gemi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin de\u011fil a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

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ATLANT\u0130S EFSANES\u0130N\u0130N KIVILCIM PAYI KADAR DA OLSA GER\u00c7EKL\u0130\u011e\u0130 OLAB\u0130L\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atlantis\u2019in bir efsane oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Pulak, Ama her efsanenin k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m pay\u0131 kadar da olsa bir ger\u00e7eklik pay\u0131 olabiliyor. Tsunami sonucunda zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f pek \u00e7ok k\u0131y\u0131 kenti olabilir. Atlantis de belki bunlardan bir tanesi. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Atlantis\u2019in Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Santorini Adas\u0131ndaki bir yerle\u015fim oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc orada bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck patlamalar oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve hala \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kesin olarak tarihi de bilinmiyor. 17\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir patlama sonucunda Adan\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biliyoruz. Bunun etkileri Anadolu sahillerine, M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130skenderiye\u2019ye ve hatta Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya kadar gidiyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Santorini\u2019de bu b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama sonucunda bir medeniyetin yok oldu\u011fu arkeolojik bir ger\u00e7ek. Ancak bunun Atlantis olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemiyoruz \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

ULUBURUN BATI\u011eINA 11 YILDA 25 B\u0130N DALI\u015e GER\u00c7EKLE\u015eT\u0130RD\u0130K<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u015f yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan ve M.\u00d6. 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na tarihlenen Uluburun Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1984-1995 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Cemal Pulak, \u201cBu bat\u0131\u011fa 11 sene boyunca her yaz dal\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. Toplamda 25 bin dal\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. Bunlardan 22 bin 500\u00fc bat\u0131k \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dal\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla 11 sene boyunca devaml\u0131 olarak kaz\u0131lan en derin bat\u0131kt\u0131. Mutlaka g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f par\u00e7alar vard\u0131r. Ama biz 11inci sene sonunda b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda eksik bir par\u00e7a g\u00f6rmedik. \u015eimdi aradan 28 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti ve on binlerce par\u00e7ay\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeye devam ediyoruz ve baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n eksik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu par\u00e7alar al\u0131nd\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa g\u00f6zden mi ka\u00e7t\u0131 bilmiyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Uluburun Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 derecelik bir meyilde yer al\u0131yor. Derinli\u011fi 62-63 metreye kadar gidebiliyor. Ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z derinlikler olabilir, bilemiyoruz. \u015eu an bat\u0131kla ilgili de\u011ferlendirme safhas\u0131nday\u0131z\u201d bilgilerini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

MISIRDA HEN\u00dcZ KE\u015eFED\u0130LMEM\u0130\u015e B\u0130R CAM AT\u00d6LYES\u0130 OLDU\u011eUNU B\u0130L\u0130YORUZ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluburun Bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme safhas\u0131nda yeni bulgularla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Prof. Dr. Cemal Pulak, \u201cSon d\u00f6nemde bat\u0131ktaki yeni geli\u015fmelerle ilgili bilimsel yay\u0131nlar yapt\u0131k. \u00d6rne\u011fin bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde 1 ton kalay k\u00fcl\u00e7e var. Bat\u0131ktaki bu k\u00fcl\u00e7eler d\u00fcnyadaki en eski kalay k\u00fcl\u00e7eler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yap\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z analizler sonucu kalay k\u00fcl\u00e7elerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Toroslardan elde edildi\u011fini bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da Akdeniz\u2019e \u00e7ok uzak bir b\u00f6lge olan Orta Asya\u2019dan getirildi\u011fini tespit ettik. \u00d6te yandan bat\u0131kta 200 civar\u0131nda cam k\u00fcl\u00e7e var. Tabi bunlar\u0131n hepsi iyi korunmu\u015f halde de\u011fil. Korunmu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda bu cam k\u00fcl\u00e7elerin ise M\u0131s\u0131rdan geldi\u011fini tespit ettik. M\u0131s\u0131rda ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait bilinen cam at\u00f6lyeleri olsa da o at\u00f6lyelerin camlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fe rastlad\u0131k. Bu nedenle M\u0131s\u0131rda bug\u00fcn hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f bir cam at\u00f6lyesi bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini biliyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca antik d\u00f6nemde cam\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu ke\u015ffettik. Bu d\u00f6nemde cam 3 farkl\u0131 a\u015famadan ge\u00e7erek elde ediliyor. \u0130lk ba\u015fta eritilen cam d\u00f6v\u00fclerek kum haline getiriliyor ve renklendirme i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Bu anlamda cam insano\u011flunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk yapay malzemelerden biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

AFR\u0130KADAN ABANOZ K\u00dcT\u00dcKLER\u0130 S\u0130NA \u00c7\u00d6L\u00dcNDEN DEVEKU\u015eU YUMURTALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluburun\u2019daki Bat\u0131k gemide bulunan malzemelerin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131ndan geldi\u011fini tespit etiklerini ifade eden Pulak, \u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin Afrika\u2019dan abanoz k\u00fct\u00fckleri, Sina \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nden deveku\u015fu yumurtalar\u0131, Suriye\u2019den fildi\u015fi, \u0130srail\u2019den su ayg\u0131r\u0131 di\u015fleri bat\u0131kta rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer materyaller. B\u00f6ylece o d\u00f6nemde ticaret a\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi sahibi oluyoruz\u201d dedi.\u00a0 (DHA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk bilim insan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Cemal Pulak, T\u00fcrkiye’nin su alt\u0131 arkeoloji haritas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 grubun T\u00fcrkiye’nin su alt\u0131 zenginliklerini belirleyen haritalar \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten Pulak, “Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bat\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u011fmalanma riskine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a payla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yor. Bu nedenle b\u00f6lge b\u00f6lge bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[12452,9111,2249,751,7189],"class_list":["post-100062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-batik","tag-batiklar","tag-cam","tag-dalis","tag-su-alti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100062"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100064,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100062\/revisions\/100064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/100063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}