\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin de\u011fi\u015fmeyen konular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu, son 20 y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle k\u00fcresel bir fenomen olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar ve ulusal devletlerin \u00e7\u00f6zmekte yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn her bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde hissedilen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015flar, donmu\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netim gibi g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn bilindik nedenlerine k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve \u00e7evre felaketlerinin de eklenmesiyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalan insan say\u0131s\u0131 daha \u00f6nce benzerine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6\u00e7, m\u00fclteci, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 gibi kavramlar g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f olsa da kimi zaman bilin\u00e7li, bazen de fark\u0131nda olmadan birbiriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ifadeler olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli mecralarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan hareketlili\u011finin \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 kavram\u0131 her ne kadar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131ksa da g\u00f6\u00e7men, m\u00fclteci ya da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 kavramlar\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlara sahip.<\/p>\n
EN SON YUNAN\u0130STAN A\u00c7IKLARINDA FELAKET YA\u015eANDI<\/strong><\/p>\n BM, stat\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ya da g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 nedeni ve s\u00fcresine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, mutat ikametgah\u0131ndan \u00fclke i\u00e7i ya da d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fileri \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7men\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00f6\u00e7menler, m\u00fcltecilerle ayn\u0131 haklara sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi vatans\u0131z olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6zel stat\u00fc ve hukuksal koruma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip olmayan ancak benzer nedenlerle bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkeyi terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f ve iltica ba\u015fvurusunun sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen ki\u015filere de \u201cs\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131\u201d deniyor.<\/p>\n G\u00f6\u00e7men, m\u00fclteci ya da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011funlukla bilmedikleri bir co\u011frafyaya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6tekile\u015ftirici, bazen de \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 muamelelere maruz kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00f6\u00e7 konusu uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunda \u00e7o\u011funlukla olumsuz geli\u015fmelerle kendine yer bulabiliyor. Son olarak Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda bulunan Navarin\u2019den 47 deniz mili uzakl\u0131ktaki uluslararas\u0131 sularda, 14 Haziran\u2019da 700\u2019e yak\u0131n d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menin bulundu\u011fu iddia edilen bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 teknesinin alabora olmas\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fanan facia bu duruma \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n 281 M\u0130LYON G\u00d6\u00c7E ZORLANDI<\/strong><\/p>\n BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin ge\u00e7en y\u0131l payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re, 2020\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 281 milyon insan, yani d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 3,6\u2019s\u0131, do\u011fdu\u011fu \u00fclke ya da b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131na 86,7, Asya k\u0131tas\u0131na 85,6, Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya 58,7, Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131na 25,4, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler b\u00f6lgesine 14,8, Avusturalya\u2019n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Okyanus b\u00f6lgesine ise 9,4 milyon ki\u015fi g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n 108 M\u0130LYON \u0130NSAN ZORLA YER\u0130NDEN ED\u0130LD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin (BMMYK), 14 Haziran\u2019da payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda, d\u00fcnya genelinde 2022\u2019de zul\u00fcm, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, \u015fiddet, insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri veya kamu d\u00fczenini ciddi \u015fekilde bozan olaylar neticesinde 108,4 milyon insan\u0131n zorla yerinden edildi\u011fi bildirildi.<\/p>\n Raporda, k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta zorla yerinden edilenlerin, 35,3 milyonunun m\u00fclteci, 62,5 milyonunun \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015filer, 5,4 milyonunun s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 ve 5,2 milyonunun ise uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 duyan ki\u015filerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu ifade edildi.<\/p>\n ORTA GEL\u0130RL\u0130 \u00dcLKELER DEVREYE G\u0130R\u0130YOR<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerin d\u00fcnyadaki m\u00fclteci ve uluslararas\u0131 korumaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyan di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 76\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilen raporda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,6 milyon ile d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok m\u00fclteciye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u00fclke oldu\u011fu vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n Raporda, d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm m\u00fclteci ve uluslararas\u0131 korumaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyan ki\u015filerin y\u00fczde 52\u2019sinin Suriye, Ukrayna ve Afganistan k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izildi.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nan verilerin payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda, \u00f6rne\u011fin Ukrayna\u2019dan 5,7 milyon ki\u015finin m\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc elde etti\u011fi g\u00f6zlendi. Ancak ayn\u0131 kurumun 6 Haziran 2023 verilerine g\u00f6re, bu say\u0131n\u0131n 6,3 milyona y\u00fckselmesi, 2023\u2019\u00fcn sonunda hem m\u00fclteci hem de g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n Raporda, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu olu\u015fturan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, zorla yerinden edilenlerin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131na tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n YEMEN\u2019DE 4.5 M\u0130LYON \u00dcLKE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE G\u00d6\u00c7E ZORLANDI<\/strong><\/p>\n Sudan ve Yemen\u2019deki geli\u015fmelere de yer verilen raporda, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sudan\u2019da 1 milyon 670 bin ki\u015finin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131nmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 482 bin 707 ki\u015finin de \u00e7evre \u00fclkelere iltica etti\u011fi ifade edildi.<\/p>\n Yemen\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 22 milyon ki\u015finin uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu, 4,5 milyon Yemenlinin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 75 bin ki\u015finin de kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere iltica etti\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n Son 30 y\u0131lda zorla yerinden edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 kat artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilen raporda, 1993\u2019te 40 milyon seviyesinde olan rakam\u0131n, 2022\u2019de 110 milyona yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi. (AA)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi’nin son yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapora g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 3,6’s\u0131, do\u011fdu\u011fu \u00fclke ya da b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famak zorunda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":101679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2212,500,95,5244,160],"class_list":["post-101678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-goc","tag-insan","tag-milyon","tag-multeci","tag-ulke"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=101678"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101680,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101678\/revisions\/101680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/101679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=101678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=101678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=101678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Yine BM ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Cenevre M\u00fclteci S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re, \u0131rk\u0131, dini, tabiiyeti, belli bir toplumsal gruba mensubiyeti veya siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden dolay\u0131 zulme u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 sebeplerle korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ve bu \u00fclkenin korumas\u0131ndan yararlanamayan ya da s\u00f6z konusu korku nedeniyle yararlanmak istemeyen yabanc\u0131ya veya bu t\u00fcr olaylar sonucu \u00f6nceden ikamet etti\u011fi \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan, oraya d\u00f6nemeyen veya s\u00f6z konusu korku nedeniyle d\u00f6nmek istemeyen \u201cvatans\u0131z\u201d ki\u015fiye yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda verilen stat\u00fcye \u201cm\u00fclteci\u201d ad\u0131 veriliyor.<\/p>\n