![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie7.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\nHi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bir d\u00f6nemin \u00e7ocuklu\u011funa damga vuran ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocu\u011fun oyun d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen bir isim, Barbie. Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerdeki \u00e7e\u015fitli Barbie bebeklerin yan\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Barbie\u2019nin r\u00fcya evleri de k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede en reva\u00e7ta olan oyuncaklardan oldu. \u0130konik bebe\u011fin \u00fcreticisi Mattel\u2019e g\u00f6re bug\u00fcn, her iki dakikada bir, yeni bir Barbie Dreamhouse (Barbie evi) sat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Barbie, \u015fimdiye kadar gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ne olabilece\u011fi ve olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda platonik bir ideal oldu. Barbie\u2019nin mucidi Ruth Handler, 1977\u2019de The New York Times\u2019a verdi\u011fi bir r\u00f6portajda \u201cHer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n, gelecekle ilgili hayallerini yans\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir oyuncak bebe\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131\u201d derken asl\u0131nda s\u00f6zlerindeki samimiyeti oyunca\u011fa verdi\u011fi isimle de g\u00f6steriyordu. Bebe\u011fe kendi k\u0131z\u0131 Barbara\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Hatta daha sonra da o\u011flunun ad\u0131 Ken de oyuncakla \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Barbara Millicent Roberts, yani nam\u0131di\u011fer Barbie, daha \u00e7ok k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in hayallerini yans\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 bir oyuncak olurken, asl\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n Amerikan r\u00fcyas\u0131ndaki yerini de g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
EKONOM\u0130K DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130MLERE AYNA OLDU<\/b><\/p>\n
Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri, Barbie ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan fiziksel boyutlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 \u0131rklardan oyuncak bebeklerin olmamas\u0131 ve cinsiyet\u00e7i tavr\u0131 ile s\u0131k s\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fma konusu oldu. Ancak di\u011fer taraftan oyuncak bebe\u011fin evi pek konu\u015fulmasa da dikkat \u00e7eken bir yans\u0131mayd\u0131. R\u00fcya ev piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyal, politik ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimlere ayna oldu. Evet, Barbie hi\u00e7bir zaman i\u015fsiz ve paras\u0131z kalmad\u0131 ya da evini kaybetmedi ancak \u00fclkenin genel durumunu da yans\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Barbie ilk evini 1962\u2019de sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Ev son derece m\u00fctevaz\u0131yd\u0131 ve kartondan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1962<\/b><\/p>\n
Barbie\u2019nin oyuncak d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 sallamas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Mattel, Dreamhouse\u2019u 1962\u2019de piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ise mali kurumlar, kad\u0131nla birlikte ortak imza atan erkek olmamas\u0131 halinde ipotek ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7eviriyordu.<\/p>\n
\u201cCinsiyet E\u015fitli\u011fi \u0130kilemi\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Deborah Dinner, bekar veya bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n evli olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kredilerinin genellikle reddedildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Kredi ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak bilinen bu uygulama, E\u015fit Kredi F\u0131rsat\u0131 Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi 1974 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7erli oldu. 1963\u2019te ise E\u015fit \u00dccret Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edilmesinden \u00f6nce, bir\u00e7ok i\u015fveren yasal olarak ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlara erkeklere \u00f6denen maa\u015f\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek zorunda de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n
Barbie Dreamhouse: An Architectural\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 edit\u00f6r\u00fc Felix Burrichter, \u201cBu ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f bir bekar i\u00e7in tek ki\u015filik bir ev fikrinin zaman\u0131yd\u0131, ama burada kad\u0131n versiyonu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u201d diyerek d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018Playboy erke\u011fi\u2019 duru\u015funa da at\u0131fta bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
BEKAR KADINLARIN DAHA FAZLA EV\u0130 VAR<\/b><\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda Barbie\u2019nin ilk evi bir a\u00e7\u0131dan kehanet niteli\u011finde oldu: Bug\u00fcn, bekar erkeklerden daha fazla bekar kad\u0131n\u0131n evi var.<\/p>\n
1960\u2019larda gen\u00e7 bir k\u0131z olan Sue Dalsing de New York Times\u2019a konu\u015furken, \u201cTam da b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Ken\u2019in hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi yoktu. Barbie\u2019nin evine geldi\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n
Oyunca\u011f\u0131n piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi para kazanma odakl\u0131 olsa da bir feminist isyan gibi de yorumlanabilir. Evin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l, Mattel\u2019in ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Barbie\u2019nin mucidi Handler\u2019\u0131n kocas\u0131 Elliot Handler, Time dergisine \u015firketin sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Barbie ekosisteminin par\u00e7as\u0131 olan aksesuarlar\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fini anlatt\u0131: \u201cBirine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131n ve di\u011ferini de almak zorundas\u0131n.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mattel\u2019in Barbie bebek portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fcresel ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lisa McKnight, \u201cBu form\u00fcl, altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l sonra h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u015fe yar\u0131yor: Dreamhouse sahipleri, Dreamhouse sahibi olmayanlara g\u00f6re iki kat daha fazla Barbie oyunca\u011f\u0131 al\u0131yor\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n
1974<\/b><\/p>\n
1974\u2019e gelindi\u011finde, evlilik \u00f6ncesi cinsel ili\u015fki daha az damgaland\u0131 ve cinsel devrimin geli\u015fiyle, FDA\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fum kontrol hap\u0131n\u0131 ve kad\u0131n hareketini onaylamas\u0131yla bekarlar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/arbie2.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
Gurley Brown\u2019\u0131n 1962 tarihli \u201cSex and the Single Girl\u201d kitab\u0131nda, \u201cBa\u015f\u0131na heyecan verici \u015feylerin geldi\u011fi g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131, sofistike bir kad\u0131n olacaksan, bir daireye ihtiyac\u0131n var ve i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z ya\u015famal\u0131s\u0131n\u201d diye yazd\u0131. Barbie de asl\u0131nda yeni r\u00fcya eviyle bu hayali bir \u00e7e\u015fit ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
1979<\/b><\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie2.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
1970\u2019ler sona erdi\u011finde, Barbie ve bir\u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131 metropol ya\u015fam tarz\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti ve banliy\u00f6lere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bu da yeni \u00fcretilen Dreamhouse\u2019un tasar\u0131m\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n
1990<\/b><\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie3.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar 1990\u2019lar boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ad\u0131mlar att\u0131lar. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ortalama evlenme ya\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckselme e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 artt\u0131 ve Spice Girls taraf\u0131ndan pop\u00fcler hale getirilen \u201ck\u0131z g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d hareketi y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
2015<\/b><\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie4.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
2008 konut krizinin ard\u0131ndan, bir\u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131, ev sahibi olma \u015fanslar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ancak Mattel bu durumu g\u00f6rmezden gelmeyi tercih etti. Barbie, oyuncak olman\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n zorluklar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmay\u0131 reddetti. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, daha g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 evlere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k arabas\u0131yla yedi odal\u0131 evinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
2021<\/b><\/p>\n
Mattel, biraz daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131 denedi. 2019\u2019da tekerlekli sandalyede yeni bir Barbie tan\u0131tt\u0131. Ancak tekerlekli sandalyesi r\u00fcya evin asans\u00f6r\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fm\u0131yordu ve Barbie, kendi evinin \u00fcst katlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yordu. Mattel daha sonra Dreamhouse asans\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc tekerlekli sandalyeye uyacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie5.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
Bu arada pandemiyi de yok saymayan tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar Barbie\u2019nin evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da oyunca\u011fa yans\u0131tt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
2023<\/b><\/p>\n
1980\u2019de Mattel, ilk siyahi ve Hispanik Barbie\u2019leri piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bundan \u00f6nce Barbie\u2019nin Christie ad\u0131nda siyahi bir arkada\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131 ama ilk kez Barbie de siyahi oldu.<\/p>\n
Mattel\u2019in Barbie tasar\u0131m ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kim Culmone bir r\u00f6portajda, tekerlekli sandalye eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Dreamhouse\u2019un bu kimlikleri yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/i01.sozcucdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/26\/barbie6.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ocukta Barbie ve Barbie evi denilince akan sular duruyor. Arkas\u0131nda sevilen ya da sevilmeyen mesajlar oldu\u011fu halde milyonlarca evi giriyor. Hatta \u015fimdi 100 milyon dolara yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen \u201cBarbie\u201d filmiyle beyazperdeye de geliyor.<\/p>\n
Barbie, asl\u0131nda Amerikan r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ev sahibi olma vaadini 60 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir eve sahip olmak, \u00f6zellikle de \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 kayd\u0131rakl\u0131 bir eve sahip olmak, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131lmaz olabilir. Belki de bu y\u00fczden Barbie\u2019nin evi de r\u00fcya ev olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130konik oyuncak Barbie ve r\u00fcya evi, Amerikan r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor? New York Times, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez oyunca\u011f\u0131 Barbie’yi ve Barbie evini toplumun de\u011fi\u015fen yap\u0131s\u0131yla inceledi. 60 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ev sahibi olan Barbie’nin y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde oturdu\u011fu evlerin arkas\u0131ndaki mesaj b\u00f6yleymi\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":105838,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[11266,209,9548,12922,203],"class_list":["post-105837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-barbie","tag-kadin","tag-kadinla","tag-mattel","tag-oyun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=105837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105839,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105837\/revisions\/105839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/105838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=105837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=105837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=105837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}