Karadeniz\u2019deki bask\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131na etkisi hakk\u0131nda muhabirlerin sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayan \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi Biyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Hidrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Cem Dalyan, denizin dibindeki oksijen s\u00fclf\u00fcr yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve \u201cAkdenizle\u015fme\u201d e\u011filimlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Tuzluluk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019den Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fini anlatan Dalyan, \u201cKaradeniz binde 22-23 tuzluluk oran\u0131 ve so\u011fuk suyuyla Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019den tamamen farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen balon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz g\u00f6\u00e7meni t\u00fcr, Sinop k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar geldi. Bildi\u011fimiz d\u00fczeni bozan bu durumun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla devam edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni yeni t\u00fcrler yakalanmaya devam ediyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019in binde 41, Do\u011fu Akdeniz binde 39 tuzlulu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu, Karadeniz\u2019in yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcrlere ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu zamanla g\u00f6receklerini kaydeden Dalyan, bu noktada deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6neminin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n
Dalyan, balon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin Karadeniz\u2019e verdi\u011fi zararlar hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 aktard\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cDenizde \u2018kom\u00fcnite yap\u0131s\u0131\u2019 dedi\u011fimiz bir kavram var. Bir ekosistemde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrler binlerce y\u0131lda topluluk halinde kendini korur. Oraya gelen herhangi bir t\u00fcr ile bunun yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulabiliyor ve bozuldu\u011fu zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn ekosistemi etkileyen bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi t\u00fcr toplulu\u011funun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozmakt\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcr toplulu\u011fu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumam\u0131z bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Ekosistemde olu\u015facak herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik t\u00fcr toplulu\u011fu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozarak bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ciddi zarar verecektir. Sadece Karadeniz\u2019de al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler yetersiz kalacakt\u0131r, olay\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bile azaltamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmemiz, do\u011fayla uyumlu ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamam\u0131z gerekiyor. Deniz koruma alanlar\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisini azaltmada \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ama Karadeniz\u2019de hi\u00e7 deniz koruma alan\u0131m\u0131z yok.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYar\u0131m derecelik art\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok ciddi sorunlar yarat\u0131yor\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Ordu \u00dcniversitesi Fatsa Deniz Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Teknolojisi M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ayd\u0131n, deniz suyundaki \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcreme d\u00f6nemlerini etkiledi\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Ayd\u0131n, \u201cBir canl\u0131 su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 dereceye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca \u00fcrer, bu da nisan ay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k seviyesi mart ay\u0131nda olursa canl\u0131 da bu zamanda \u00fcrer ve yumurtalar a\u00e7\u0131lmaz, larvalar yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra etraf\u0131ndan beslenece\u011fi yem olmaz ya da d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 orada olur. Bu durum canl\u0131n\u0131n tamamen yok olmas\u0131na neden olur\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki yar\u0131m derecelik art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ekosistemde \u00e7ok ciddi etkiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun yan\u0131nda kirletici unsurlar gelince sistemin tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kme e\u011filimine girdi\u011fini belirten Ayd\u0131n, Karadeniz\u2019deki artan su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akuak\u00fclt\u00fcr yoluyla \u00fcretilen somonlar\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fini bildirdi.<\/p>\n Ayd\u0131n, \u201cKaradeniz\u2019de haziran\u0131n 15\u2019inde T\u00fcrk somonunun hasat edilmesi gerekiyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc su \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toplu \u00f6l\u00fcmler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Suyun \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 gelecek y\u0131llarda may\u0131s\u0131n 15\u2019inde olacak ya da nisanda olacak. Bu somonun \u00f6zelli\u011fi 3-4 kilo olmas\u0131d\u0131r, nisanda hasat edece\u011finiz bal\u0131kta bu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakalaman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Karadeniz ekosistemini ayakta tutan t\u00fcrlerin hamsi, istavrit ve \u00e7a\u00e7a oldu\u011funu aktaran Ayd\u0131n, \u201c\u00d6zellikle hamsi miktar olarak da en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkendir, biz 5-6 y\u0131ld\u0131r insano\u011fluna yak\u0131\u015fmayan d\u00fczeyde av bask\u0131s\u0131 uygulayarak sistemi \u00e7\u00f6kertmek i\u00e7in elimizden geleni yap\u0131yoruz\u201d yorumunu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Kalkan bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulanan y\u00f6ntemleri de ele\u015ftiren Ayd\u0131n, bu bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcremek i\u00e7in 3-10 metre derinlikteki s\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgelere geldi\u011fine ancak k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n kesimlere at\u0131lan a\u011flar nedeniyle \u00fcremelerinin engellendi\u011fine i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n Karadeniz ekosisteminin iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin bir araya gelmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan Ayd\u0131n, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n \u201cBizim kanunlar\u0131m\u0131z, kurallar\u0131m\u0131z her \u015fey d\u00f6rt d\u00f6rtl\u00fck ama uygulamada s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z var. Bence k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u00e7\u00f6zmemiz laz\u0131m. 1-2 y\u0131l hamsiyi yakalamayaca\u011f\u0131z, 2 y\u0131l yasaklasak Karadeniz\u2019de ciddi \u015fekilde toparlanma olur.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda de\u011filiz, \u015fu anda \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ortalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nday\u0131z ve \u00e7ok radikal kararlar almam\u0131z gerekiyor. Deniz bilimlerinde bir bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcnde boy k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, bu, \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok ciddi bir av bask\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funun ve stoklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funun net g\u00f6stergesidir.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cAvrupa\u2019daki b\u00f6lgesel denizler i\u00e7inde plastik kirlili\u011finin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu deniz\u201d<\/p>\n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan \u00dcniversitesi Su \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Fak\u00fcltesi Su \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Temel Bilimler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Deniz Biyolojisi Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. \u00dclgen Aytan, Karadeniz\u2019in 21 \u00fclkenin drenaj alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek miktarda plasti\u011fe maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Avrupa \u00c7evre Ajans\u0131n\u0131n (EEA) ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel denizlerdeki plastik kirlili\u011fi raporuna at\u0131fta bulunan Aytan, Karadeniz\u2019in Avrupa b\u00f6lgesel denizleri i\u00e7inde plastik kirlili\u011finin en y\u00fcksek deniz oldu\u011fu bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130rili ufakl\u0131 derelerle saatte y\u00fczlerce, bir ya\u011f\u0131\u015f an\u0131nda veya sel sonras\u0131nda ise binlerce, on binlerce plastik Karadeniz\u2019e giriyor\u201d diyen Aytan, Karadeniz\u2019de mikroskobik canl\u0131lardan ba\u015flayarak bal\u0131klara, omurgas\u0131zlara, deniz memelilerine kadar her canl\u0131da \u00e7e\u015fitli oranlarda mikroplastiklere rastlad\u0131klar\u0131na de\u011findi.<\/p>\n Plastikle\u015ftirici toksik kimyasallar\u0131n plastiklerle birlikte canl\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde birikerek besin zincirine en alt basamaklardan girebildi\u011fini ve bu andan itibaren etkilerinin katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan Aytan, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmede bulundu:<\/p>\n \u201cFotosentez yapmak zorunda olan fitoplankton plastikle \u0131\u015f\u0131k rekabetine giriyorlar bu da ekstra bir stres fakt\u00f6r\u00fc yarat\u0131yor. Zooplanktonun b\u00fcnyesinde canl\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevini y\u00fcr\u00fctememesi anlam\u0131na geliyor, b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini, \u00fcremesini, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u015famsal faaliyetini etkiliyor.<\/p>\n Bal\u0131\u011fa girdi\u011fi andan itibaren, beslenmesine, b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine, \u00fcremesine etki ediyor, fiziksel olarak sindirim kanal\u0131nda t\u0131kanmalara neden oluyor ve tokluk hissi nedeniyle beslenmesinin durmas\u0131na, \u00f6lmesine neden olabiliyor.\u201d (AA)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uzmanlar kirlilik, \u0131s\u0131nma ve istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanman\u0131n Karadeniz ekosistemini ve denizdeki canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini tehdit etti\u011fi ve radikal kararlar al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[4921,527,3255,3344,748],"class_list":["post-110762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-canli","tag-deniz","tag-etki","tag-karadeniz","tag-tur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=110762"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110764,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110762\/revisions\/110764"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/110763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=110762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=110762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=110762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}