ABD\u2019nin Amerikan \u015firketlerinin \u201cendi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelere\u201d teknoloji alan\u0131ndaki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na kontrol ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirme plan\u0131, \u00c7in ile teknolojik ve ekonomik rekabetin yeni cephesi olmaya aday g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n d\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kararnamesiyle duyurdu\u011fu plana g\u00f6re, Washington, aralar\u0131nda yar\u0131 iletkenler ve mikro-elektronik, kuantum bilgi teknolojileri ve belirli yapay zeka sistemlerinin oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 kritik teknoloji alan\u0131nda Amerikan \u015firketlerinin giri\u015fim sermayesi ve hisse ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirecek.<\/p>\n
Biden, plan\u0131 \u201culusal acil durum\u201d olarak nitelerken k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n \u201cendi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin askeri, istihbarat, g\u00f6zetleme ve siber kapasiteler sa\u011flayan hassas teknoloji ve \u00fcr\u00fcnleri geli\u015ftirmesinin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 tehditle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Kararnamede, \u201cendi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke\u201d olarak yaln\u0131zca Hong Kong ve Makau \u00d6zel \u0130dari B\u00f6lgeleri ile birlikte \u00c7in\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Yeni k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, Amerikan \u015firketlerinin s\u00f6z konusu \u00fc\u00e7 teknoloji alan\u0131nda birle\u015fme, sat\u0131n alma, hisse ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, giri\u015fim sermayesi ve di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00c7inli \u015firketlere yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek.<\/p>\n
\u015eirketler, ayr\u0131ca s\u0131f\u0131rdan veya ortak giri\u015fimle bu sekt\u00f6rlere do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131m yapamayacak, ortakl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilecek bor\u00e7-finansman\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flayamayacak.<\/p>\n
YURT DI\u015eI YATIRIMLARI DENETLENECEK<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan d\u00fczenlemeyle Amerikan \u015firketlerinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesi i\u00e7in bir g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu kapsamda ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kabul edilen \u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk taslaklar\u0131nda yer alan \u201cYurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irme Kurulu\u201dnun hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
Ulusal bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019li yetkililer, d\u00fczenlemeye ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bilgilendirmelerde, giri\u015fim sermayesi ve hisse ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uzmanl\u0131k payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini, hassas teknolojilerin transferinin engellenebilmesi i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcrden yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekli oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Beyaz Saray\u2019dan bir yetkili, d\u00fczenlemenin, \u201cAmerikan sermayesinin, d\u00fc\u015fman veya endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ulusal g\u00fcvenlik teknolojileri geli\u015ftirmesine destek olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi hedefledi\u011fini\u201d bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Yetkili, bu alanlarda g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019ye \u201culusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in yeni bir ara\u00e7\u201d sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
\u2018\u00c7\u0130N\u2019\u0130N B\u0130Z\u0130M PARAMIZA \u0130HT\u0130YACI YOK\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka Beyaz Saray yetkilisi de \u00c7in\u2019e \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde getirilen ihracat kontrollerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, teknoloji transferinin as\u0131l arac\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131mlar oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekerek \u201c\u00c7in\u2019in bizim param\u0131za ihtiyac\u0131 yok. Net sermaye ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00fclke. Onlarda olmayan \u015fey yordam bilgisi (know-how), bunun da aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 genelde belirli yat\u0131r\u0131m t\u00fcrleriyle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Yetkili, d\u00fczenlemenin ABD \u015firketlerinin \u00c7in\u2019deki halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerdeki hisse paylar\u0131 gibi mevcut \u201cpasif yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d etkilemeyece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Washington y\u00f6netimi, d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7in 45 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir isti\u015fare s\u00fcreci y\u00fcr\u00fctme planl\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kurallar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki payda\u015flar\u0131n ve m\u00fcttefik \u00fclkelerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurulacak.<\/p>\n
Kararnamede k\u0131s\u0131tlama konular\u0131 genel hatlar\u0131yla ifade edilirken detaylar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u015fekillenece\u011fini merak konusu. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cbelirli yapay zeka sistemlerine\u201d y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlara getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamada s\u00f6z konusu \u201cbelirli\u201d teknolojilerin hangileri oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
Yapay zeka alan\u0131nda, \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck model\u201d ad\u0131 verilen ChatGPT benzeri \u00fcretken yapay zeka modellerinin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131 muhtemel. Washington y\u00f6netimi, daha \u00f6nce ABD\u2019li mikro\u00e7ip \u00fcreticisi Nvidia\u2019n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr modellere i\u015flemci ve veri depolama kapasitesi sa\u011flayan ileri teknoloji A100 ve H100 \u00e7iplerinin \u00c7in\u2019e ihracat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2018Y\u00dcKSEK \u00c7\u0130TL\u0130 K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK BAH\u00c7E\u2019 BENZETMES\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
Biden y\u00f6netiminden Ticaret Bakan\u0131 Gina Raimondo ve Hazine Bakan\u0131 Janet Yellen gibi yetkililer daha \u00f6nce yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda, \u00c7in ile ekonomik ili\u015fkilere b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle zarar vermemek i\u00e7in hassas sekt\u00f6rlerdeki yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ticaret k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n dar ve hedefe y\u00f6nelik tutulmas\u0131 gere\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Beyaz Saray Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Jake Sullivan da ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik teknolojik ve ekonomik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmay\u0131\u201d de\u011fil \u201criskleri azaltmay\u0131\u201d hedefledi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amerikal\u0131 yetkililer, risklerden s\u00f6z edildi\u011finde, \u00c7in\u2019in askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 artan ulusal g\u00fcvenlik tehdidinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, elektronik ve siber casusluk kapasitesinin ve etnik ve dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek g\u00f6zetleme ve takip teknolojilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesinin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n
Washington, bir yandan riskleri bertaraf etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7in ile ekonomik ili\u015fkileri tamamen sekteye u\u011fratabilecek y\u00f6nelimlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bir Beyaz Saray yetkilisi, d\u00fczenlemeye dair \u00c7in\u2019in Washington B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi \u015eie F\u0131ng\u2019\u0131 bilgilendirdiklerini, ABD y\u00f6netimin yaln\u0131zca kritik teknolojileri i\u00e7eren dar bir alanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koruma sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u201cy\u00fcksek \u00e7itli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bah\u00e7e\u201d benzetmesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0130N KARARA TEPK\u0130L\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00c7inli yetkililer ise ABD\u2019nin ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u201cekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmaya\u201d y\u00f6nelik bir ad\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019in Washington B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Liu P\u0131ngyu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, yat\u0131r\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin ve \u00c7in\u2019de i\u015f yapan ABD\u2019li \u015firketlerin ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ciddi zarar verece\u011fini, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda normal ekonomik ili\u015fkileri olumsuz etkileyece\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zc\u00fc Liu, \u201cABD taraf\u0131na s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durmas\u0131, Ba\u015fkan Biden\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in ile ekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmamaya y\u00f6nelik taahh\u00fcd\u00fcne uymas\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya ve bast\u0131rmaya son vermesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ABD y\u00f6netiminin kendi \u015firketlerinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cyat\u0131r\u0131m alan\u0131nda riskleri azaltma bahanesiyle ekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmaya, sanayi ve tedarik zincirlerini kesmeye y\u00f6nelik bir eylem\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yer verdi.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cBu eylem, ABD\u2019nin savundu\u011fu adil rekabet ve piyasa ekonomisi ilkelerinden vahim bir sapmad\u0131r. \u015eirketlerin normal i\u015f kararlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek, uluslararas\u0131 ekonomik ve ticari d\u00fczeni bozacak, k\u00fcresel sanayi ve tedarik zincirlerine ciddi zarar verecektir.\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0130P VE B\u0130L\u0130M YASASI\u2019NIN YIL D\u00d6N\u00dcM\u00dcNE DENK GELD\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD\u2019de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kabul edilen \u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne denk gelen kararname, Washington\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yat\u0131r\u0131m kontrolleriyle \u00c7in\u2019in bu alandaki teknolojik kabiliyetine set \u00e7ekme niyetini bir kez daha ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
ABD Kongresi 27-28 Temmuz 2022\u2019de, yerli \u00e7ip \u00fcretimine 280 milyar dolarl\u0131k te\u015fvik \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u201c\u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kabul etmi\u015fti. Biden\u2019\u0131n 9 A\u011fustos 2022\u2019de imzalayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe soktu\u011fu yasa, \u00fclkede yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretimini te\u015fvik i\u00e7in 52 milyar dolarl\u0131k do\u011frudan deste\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeni kurulan fabrikalara d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fczde 25\u2019lik vergi indirimi sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n
Yasan\u0131n, te\u015fviklerden yararlanmak isteyen \u015firketlere, \u00c7in\u2019deki \u00fcretim tesislerinin teknolojik kapasitesini geli\u015ftirmeme \u015fart\u0131 getirmesi, Washington\u2019\u0131n Pekin\u2019in bu alandaki etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlama hedefine i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan ABD Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Sanayi ve G\u00fcvenlik B\u00fcrosu (BIS), 7 Ekim\u2019de \u00c7inli \u00fcreticilerin ileri \u00e7ip teknolojilerine eri\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan olu\u015fan bir d\u00fczenlemeyi duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenlemeyle Amerikan \u015firketlerine \u00e7ip \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gereken malzeme, makine ve donan\u0131m\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e ihracat\u0131 i\u00e7in lisans \u015fart\u0131 getirilirken aralar\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck haf\u0131za \u00e7ipi \u00fcreticisi Yangtze Memory Technologies (YMTC) ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131 iletken donan\u0131m \u00fcreticisi Naura Technology Group\u2019un bulundu\u011fu 31 \u015firket ve kurum \u0130hracat Kontrol Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bakanl\u0131k, 12 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta ise aralar\u0131nda YMTC gibi yapay zeka \u00e7ip end\u00fcstrisinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren 21 \u015firketin oldu\u011fu 36 \u00c7in \u015firketini ihracat yasa\u011f\u0131 listesine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019N\u0130N \u00c7\u0130N\u2019E YATIRIMLARI 5 YILDIR D\u00dc\u015e\u00dc\u015eTE<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, \u201cticaret sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 2018\u2019de belirli alanlarda g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifelerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve teknoloji alan\u0131nda engelleyici ad\u0131mlarla devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te azalma e\u011filimine girdi.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 risk analiz ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi Rhodium Group\u2019un verilerine g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, 2005-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama 14 milyar dolarken 2018\u2019den bu yana 10 milyar dolara geriledi. 2022\u2019de 8,2 milyar dolar do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, son 20 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesine indi.<\/p>\n
Amerikan \u015firketlerinin ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e giri\u015fim sermayesi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, 2022\u2019de 14,4 milyar dolar ile tepe nokras\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rken 2022\u2019de 1,3 milyar dolara kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Analistler, Biden kararnamesinin hen\u00fcz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, sermaye kontrollerinin ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ve teknolojik rekabetin yeni cephesi haline gelece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ABD, aralar\u0131nda yar\u0131 iletkenler ve mikro-elektronik, kuantum bilgi teknolojileri ve belirli yapay zeka sistemlerinin oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 kritik teknoloji alan\u0131nda Amerikan \u015firketlerinin giri\u015fim sermayesi ve hisse ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirecek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":111369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[11,793,666,2175,944],"class_list":["post-111368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-abd","tag-cin","tag-ekonomik","tag-teknoloji","tag-yatirim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=111368"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111370,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111368\/revisions\/111370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/111369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=111368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=111368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=111368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}