\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi (\u0130\u00dc) Su Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Dekan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Melek \u0130\u015finibilir Okyar, istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden biri olan tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u00fcn \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Marmara Denizi\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u201cMarmara Denizi, Karadeniz\u2019den sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ikinci \u00f6nemli bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131. Burada hamsi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sardalya ve \u00e7a\u00e7a gibi bal\u0131klar\u0131n stoklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi azalmalara sebep oldu.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Okyar, Marmara Denizi’nin fizikokimyasal, trofik yap\u0131s\u0131 yabanc\u0131, f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin yerle\u015fmesine ve ani pop\u00fclasyon art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6trofikasyon, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k ile habitatlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesi gibi \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin bolluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr say\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Okyar, \u201cTarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz de bu istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden biridir. \u015eeffaf g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sebebi ile denizanalar\u0131na benzetilse de farkl\u0131 bir gruba dahil olan \u2018mnemiopsis leidyi\u2019 olarak ifade edilen tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz, et\u00e7il bir deniz hayvan\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Okyar, tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u00fcn zooplankton, bal\u0131k yumurtalar\u0131 ve larvalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden beslendi\u011fini, bir g\u00fcnde kendi v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 10 kat\u0131 besini yiyebildi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\u0130LK ETK\u0130LENEN HAMS\u0130 OLDU<\/b><\/p>\n
Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fal ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olan Atlas Okyanusu\u2019ndan gemilerin balast sular\u0131yla 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Karadeniz\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Okyar, buradan da \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan \u00fcst ak\u0131nt\u0131 yoluyla Marmara Denizi ve Akdeniz’e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Okyar, tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u2019\u00fcn Karadeniz’e ilk geldi\u011fi y\u0131llarda \u00fczerinden beslenen herhangi bir canl\u0131 olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirerek, \u201cTarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz, \u00fcreme \u015fekli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ift cinsiyetlidir (hermafrodit). Yani hem di\u015fi hem de erkek birey \u00f6zelli\u011fini ayn\u0131 anda tek birey \u00fczerinde bulunduran canl\u0131 demektir. Do\u011fal olarak tek bir birey kendi ba\u015f\u0131na tamamen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir koloni olu\u015fturabilir.\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u00fcn rejenerasyon \u00f6zelli\u011finde bulundu\u011funu vurgulayan Okyar, bu \u015fekilde hasar g\u00f6ren v\u00fccut par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayabildi\u011fini, ikiye veya daha fazla par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bireylerde her par\u00e7an\u0131n kendini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her bir par\u00e7an\u0131n birey olarak hayatta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Okyar, Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi\u2019nde hamsinin son derece \u00f6nemli bir bal\u0131k stoku oldu\u011funu anlatarak, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
\u201cTarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u00fcn Karadeniz\u2019de ilk etkiledi\u011fi bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc hamsi oldu. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler meydana geldi. Bu durum bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yaratt\u0131. Tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Marmara Denizi\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Marmara Denizi, Karadeniz\u2019den sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ikinci \u00f6nemli bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131. Burada hamsi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sardalya, \u00e7a\u00e7a gibi bal\u0131klar\u0131n stoklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi azalmalara sebep oldu. Biz uzun y\u0131llardan beri bu t\u00fcr\u00fc de takip ediyoruz. 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda balast sular\u0131 ile Karadeniz’e ve Marmara Denizi\u2019ne bu t\u00fcr \u00fczerinden beslenen ba\u015fka bir denizanas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc geldi ve bu t\u00fcr\u00fc biraz bask\u0131lamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Nispeten eskiye oranla bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bu anlamda biraz rahatlad\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara oranla nispeten daha az g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu t\u00fcr, hala d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6steriyor ve bu art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6zellikle ba\u015fta hamsi olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131 ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Tarakl\u0131 med\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ile \u00fcremesinde artma oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Okyar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n benzeri yabanc\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in avantajl\u0131 bir ortam sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Okyar, denizel biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin eskiye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in ekosistemin d\u00fczeltilmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130\u00dc Su Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Dekan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Melek \u0130\u015finibilir Okyar, “Tarakl\u0131 Med\u00fcz, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Marmara Denizi’ne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Burada hamsi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sardalya, \u00e7a\u00e7a gibi bal\u0131klar\u0131n stoklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi azalmalara sebep oldu” dedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":111730,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[2214,7021,3344,6999,748],"class_list":["post-111729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-balik","tag-hamsi","tag-karadeniz","tag-marmara-denizi","tag-tur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=111729"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111731,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111729\/revisions\/111731"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/111730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=111729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=111729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=111729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}