D\u00fcnya genelinde 90 \u00fclkede 476 milyondan fazla yerlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor, bu da k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5’ini, yoksul kesimin ise yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 15’ini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/b><\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya genelinde \u201cyerli halk\u201d olarak bilinen gruplar hakk\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n
BM, di\u011fer halklar\u0131n veya devletlerin i\u015fgaline u\u011framadan \u00f6nce belli co\u011frafyada yerle\u015fmi\u015f, geleneksel de\u011ferlerini, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya siyasal ya\u015fam \u015fekillerini ve geleneksel kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 tam veya k\u0131smen koruyabilmi\u015f toplumlar\u0131, \u201cyerli halk\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da yerli halk, kendi kendini y\u00f6netmesine ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde \u00f6zerklik kurmada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir\u00e7ok yerli halk hala topraklar\u0131, b\u00f6lgeleri ve kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kontrol uygulayan merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin nihai otoritesine tabi olarak ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
BM verilerine g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya genelinde 90 \u00fclkede 476 milyondan fazla yerlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Yerli halklar, d\u00fcnyadaki 7 bin dilin \u00e7o\u011funu konu\u015fuyor ve 5 bin farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n
YOKSULLARIN Y\u00dcZDE 15\u2019\u0130 YERL\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Yerli halklar, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5\u2019ini, yoksullar\u0131n da yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 15\u2019ini yerliler olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n BM Yerli Halklar \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubunun ilk toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 9 A\u011fustos 1982 tarihi, \u201cUluslararas\u0131 D\u00fcnya Yerli Halklar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d ilan edildi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde bu g\u00fcn vesilesiyle kutlamalar yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cUluslararas\u0131 D\u00fcnya Yerli Halklar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn bu y\u0131lki temas\u0131, yerli ya\u015fam\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fcn \u00f6nemine ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topluma yapt\u0131klar\u0131 katk\u0131ya referansla \u201cGeleneksel bilginin korunmas\u0131 ve aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda yerli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fc\u201d olarak belirlendi.<\/p>\n Bu kapsamda sanal ortamda d\u00fczenlenecek anma etkinli\u011finde yerli toplumlar\u0131n kad\u0131n temsilcileri kendi toplumlar\u0131ndaki bilgi birikiminin korunmas\u0131, canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, geleneksel ata k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn aktar\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki rollerine ili\u015fkin deneyimlerini payla\u015facak.<\/p>\n Yerli halklara ili\u015fkin istatistikler, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Yerli halklar tahrip edilen ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 ve kendilerine y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na g\u00f6re daha zor ko\u015fullarda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n BM verilerine g\u00f6re, yerli halklar\u0131n ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri yerli olmayan toplumlar\u0131n \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6re 20 sene daha k\u0131sa. BM istatistikleri, k\u00fcresel olarak yerli halklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 86\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomide \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu oran\u0131n yerli olmayanlarda y\u00fczde 66 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n Yerli halklar\u0131n, yerli olmayanlara k\u0131yasla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha fazla olmas\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel olarak istihdamda olan t\u00fcm yerli halklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 47\u2019si e\u011fitimsizken, yerli olmayanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 17\u2019si e\u011fitimsiz durumda. Bu fark\u0131n kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in daha da y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediliyor.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya genelini 2020\u2019de etkisi alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flayan Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen topluluklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yerli halklar geliyor.<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6re hem sa\u011fl\u0131k hem de ekonomik olarak yerli halklar s\u00fcre\u00e7ten zararl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Afrika\u2019da bulunan ve turizmin \u00fclke gelirinin y\u00fczde 46\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Bostvana\u2019daki yerli halklar salg\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 getirilen seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fczde 80 zararla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Benzer \u015fekilde Kenya ve Namibya gibi \u00fclkeler de ekonomik olarak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden olumsuz etkilendi.<\/p>\n Salg\u0131n nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131nda da yerli halklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yetersiz sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nlemleri nedeniyle salg\u0131ndan yerli halklar di\u011fer toplumlara g\u00f6re daha fazla etkilendi.<\/p>\n Paraguay\u2019da yerliler i\u00e7in vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 12,7\u2019yken yerli olmayanlardaki oransa y\u00fczde 3,4 olarak dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n Raporda, n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 80\u2019i yerlilerden olu\u015fan Frans\u0131z Polinezyas\u0131 da d\u00fcnya genelinde vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6LD\u00dcR\u00dcLENLER\u0130N Y\u00dcZDE 59\u2019U YERL\u0130LER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N M\u00dcCADELE ED\u0130YOR<\/strong><\/p>\n IWGIA\u2019n\u0131n raporu yerlilerin haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n da hedef haline geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6re 2021\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen 358 insan haklar\u0131 savunucusunun y\u00fczde 59\u2019u yerli halklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden ki\u015filerdi.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Peru\u2019daki do\u011fal hayat\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu faaliyetlerinin engellenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 4 yerli Amazon lideri 2021\u2019de \u00e7eteler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Raporda yer alan ticari faaliyetlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in silahl\u0131 gruplar taraf\u0131ndan do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131lmak istenen yerli halk mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n evlerinin kundakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi, bir ba\u015fka yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyet olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor.<\/p>\n IWGIA\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 88\u2019i, Frans\u0131z Polinezyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019i, Bolivya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 48\u2019i, Guatemala\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 43,8\u2019i ve Nepal\u2019in y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131 yerlilerden olu\u015fuyor. N\u00fcfusa oranla en \u00e7ok yerli bu \u00fclkelerde ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Asya k\u0131tas\u0131, \u201cen \u00e7ok yerliyi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran k\u0131ta\u201d olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Sadece \u00c7in\u2019de 112 milyon yerlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor ve bu say\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019i en \u00e7ok yerlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in\u2019i, 104 milyon yerliyle Hindistan, 60 milyon yerliyle Endonezya takip ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnya genelinde 90 \u00fclkede 476 milyondan fazla yerlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor, bu da k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5’ini, yoksul kesimin ise …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[141,160,2425,3705,5052],"class_list":["post-20774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-dunya","tag-ulke","tag-yasam","tag-yerli","tag-yerli-halklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20776,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20774\/revisions\/20776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}