Kurban bayram\u0131na k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre kala arefe g\u00fcn\u00fc en merak edilen konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130hlas suresi geliyor. \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n esas\u0131 olan tevhid ilkesini \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ifade etti\u011fi ve Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2’y\u0131 tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Hz. Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan Kur’an’\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine denk oldu\u011fu ifade buyurulmu\u015ftur.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130hlas suresi \u0130slam aleminde farz olarak buyurulan be\u015f vakit namazda en s\u0131k okunan surelerden bir tanesidir. Peki \u0130hlas suresinin anlam\u0131 ne ve \u0130hlas suresinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e meali okunu\u015fu nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n
\u0130HLAS SURES\u0130N\u0130N FAZ\u0130LET\u0130 NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamber bu s\u00fbrenin \u00f6nemi ve fazileti hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cVarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m elinde olan Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki bu s\u00fbre Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine denktir\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cTevh\u00eed\u201d, 1). Yine Hz. Peygamber, sevdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu s\u00fbreyi her namazda okuyan bir sah\u00e2b\u00eeye, \u201cOnu sevmen seni cennete g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d m\u00fcjdesini vermi\u015ftir (Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cFez\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u201d, 11, \u201cTefs\u00eer\u201d, 93; di\u011fer hadisler i\u00e7in bk. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, VIII, 539-546).<\/p>\n \u0130HL\u00c2S SURES\u0130 OKUNU\u015eU<\/strong><\/p>\n Bismillahirrahmanirrahim<\/p>\n Kul h\u00fcvell\u00e2h\u00fc ehad<\/p>\n All\u00e2h\u00fcssamed<\/p>\n Lem yelid ve lem y\u00fbled<\/p>\n Ve lem yek\u00fcn leh\u00fb k\u00fcf\u00fcven ehad<\/p>\n \u0130HLAS SURES\u0130N\u0130N T\u00dcRK\u00c7E OKUNU\u015eU<\/strong><\/p>\n Rahman ve Rahim olan Allah’\u0131n ad\u0131yla<\/p>\n De ki: O Allah tektir.<\/p>\n Allah her\u015feyden m\u00fcsta\u011fni ve her \u015fey O’na muhta\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n O do\u011furmam\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey O’na denk de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n \u0130HL\u00c2S SURES\u0130N\u0130N TEFS\u0130R\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n esas\u0131 olan tevhid (Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi) ilkesini \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ifade etti\u011fi ve Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Hz. Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine denk oldu\u011fu ifade buyurulmu\u015ftur. Kel\u00e2m\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve konunun Allah\u2019\u0131n nesebini (hangi soydan geldi\u011fini) soranlara verilen cevapla ilgili olmas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1. \u00e2yetteki \u201cO\u201d diye \u00e7evirdi\u011fimiz \u201ch\u00fcve\u201d zamirinin Allah\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Allah ismi, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ezel\u00ee, ebed\u00ee, zarur\u00ee ve kendinden olup her \u015feyi yaratan, her \u015feyin m\u00e2liki ve mukadderat\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimi, her \u015feyi bilen ve her\u015feye kadir olan\u2026 Y\u00fcce Mevl\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6z (has) ismidir (bk. Bakara 2\/255).<\/p>\n M\u00fcfessirler bu s\u00fbrede a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini ifade eden ahad terimi ile var olu\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kimseye muhta\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan \u201csamed\u201d terimi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cTektir\u201d diye \u00e7evirdi\u011fimiz \u201cahad\u201d kelimesi, \u201cbirlik\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen vahd veya vahdet k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015f bir isimdir (Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, VIII, 528); s\u0131fat olarak Allah\u2019a nisbet edildi\u011finde O\u2019nun birli\u011fini, tekli\u011fini ve e\u015fsizli\u011fini ifade eder; bu s\u00fbrede do\u011frudan do\u011fruya, Beled s\u00fbresinde (90\/ 5, 7) dolayl\u0131 olarak Allah\u2019a nisbet edilmi\u015ftir; bu anlam\u0131yla tenzih\u00ee veya selb\u00ee (Allah\u2019\u0131n ne olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten) s\u0131fatlar\u0131 da i\u00e7erir. Nitekim devam\u0131ndaki \u00e2yetler de bu m\u00e2nadaki birli\u011fi vurgular. Bu sebeple \u201cahad\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na nisbet edilemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen v\u00e2hid ise \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir, tek, yeg\u00e2ne varl\u0131k\u201d anlam\u0131nda Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131 olmakla birlikte Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka varl\u0131klar\u0131n say\u0131sal anlamda birli\u011fini ifade etmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de de \u201cbir\u201d (v\u00e2hid) ile \u201ctek\u201d (ahad) aras\u0131nda fark vard\u0131r. Bir, genellikle \u201cayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir\u00e7ok varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n biri\u201d anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cTek\u201d ise \u201ct\u00fcrde\u015fi olmayan, z\u00e2t\u0131nda ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan tek varl\u0131k\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelir. \u0130\u015fte Allah, bu anlamda birdir, tektir. Ahad ile v\u00e2hid s\u0131fatlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer farklar ise \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ahad, Allah\u2019\u0131n z\u00e2t\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, v\u00e2hid ise s\u0131fatlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Ahad ile v\u00e2hidin her biri \u201cezeliyet ve ebediyet\u201d m\u00e2nalar\u0131n\u0131 da ihtiva etmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 \u00e2limler ahad\u0131 \u201cezeliyet\u201d, v\u00e2hidi de \u201cebediyet\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na tahsis etmi\u015flerdir. Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131 olarak her ikisi de hadislerde ge\u00e7mektedir (bk. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cTefs\u00eer\u201d, 112; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, \u201cDu\u00e2\u201d, 10; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, \u201cCen\u00e2iz\u201d, 117; M\u00fcsned, IV, 103; geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bk. Bekir Topalo\u011flu, \u201cAhad\u201d, D\u0130A, I, 483; Emin I\u015f\u0131k, \u201c\u0130hl\u00e2s S\u00fbresi\u201d, D\u0130A, XXI, 537).<\/p>\n Samed kelimesi \u201cherkesin kendisine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 arzetti\u011fi, fakat kendisi kimseye muhta\u00e7 olmayan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir (R\u00e2g\u0131b el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee, M\u00fcfred\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, \u201csmd\u201d md.). S\u00fbredeki ba\u011flam\u0131na g\u00f6re samed, \u201cvar olu\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kimseye muhta\u00e7 olmay\u0131p her \u015feyin varl\u0131k ve devam\u0131n\u0131 kendisine bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu v\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-vuc\u00fbd\u201d demektir. Buna g\u00f6re samed kelimesi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ahad isminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r; daha sonra gelen \u201cdo\u011furmam\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d me\u00e2lindeki \u00e2yet de samed isminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. Taber\u00ee, samedi, \u201ckendisinden ba\u015fkas\u0131 ibadet edilmeye l\u00e2y\u0131k olmayan tek m\u00e2bud\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (XXX, 222). Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de sadece burada ge\u00e7en samed ismi ba\u015fta \u201cesm\u00e2-i h\u00fcsn\u00e2\u201d hadisi olmak \u00fczere (bk. Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cDa\u2018av\u00e2t\u201d, 83) baz\u0131 hadislerde de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (mesel\u00e2 bk. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cTefs\u00eer\u201d, 112; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cDa\u2018av\u00e2t\u201d, 64).<\/p>\n Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n noksan s\u0131fatlardan m\u00fcnezzeh oldu\u011funu ifade eden bu \u00e2yet, samed isminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olup, Allah\u2019a evl\u00e2t nisbet edenleri ve soy kavram\u0131na giren her \u015feyi; mesel\u00e2, \u201cMes\u00eeh Allah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur\u201d diyen h\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n (Tevbe 9\/30) ve meleklerin Allah\u2019\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen (En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/100) m\u00fc\u015friklerin bu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 reddeder. Zira \u00e7ocuk, e\u015fin olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir; e\u015f de \u00e7ocuk da ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in istenilen varl\u0131klard\u0131r; Allah ise ihtiya\u00e7tan m\u00fcnezzehtir, ezel\u00ee ve ebed\u00eedir. E\u015fleri de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da O yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylere muhta\u00e7 olmas\u0131 ise imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r (bk. En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/101). \u00c2yetin, \u201cO, do\u011fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d me\u00e2lindeki ikinci c\u00fcmlesi Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fum veya sud\u00fbr yoluyla bir ana veya babadan, bir as\u0131ldan meydana gelmedi\u011fini ifade eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fan her \u015fey sonradan olur; oysa Allah kad\u00eem ve ezel\u00eedir, yani varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yet hem ilk \u00e2yetin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 hem de b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle s\u00fbrenin bir \u00f6zeti mahiyetinde olup Allah\u2019\u0131n z\u00e2t\u0131nda, s\u0131fatlar\u0131nda ve fiillerinde hi\u00e7bir dengi ve benzeri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Kendisinden ba\u015fka var olan her \u015feyi O yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple yaratt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n O\u2019na denk olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim bu durum muhtelif \u00e2yetlerde ifade buyurulmu\u015ftur (mesel\u00e2 bk. Nahl 16\/17-22; \u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/11).<\/p>\n \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresinin, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine denk oldu\u011funa dair yukar\u0131da ge\u00e7en hadisi yorumlayan \u00e2limlerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131, bu denkli\u011fi s\u00fbreyi okuman\u0131n sevab\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da konusu ve m\u00e2nas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir. \u0130kinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re s\u00fbre, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel konusundan ilki olan tevhidle al\u00e2kal\u0131 olup bu s\u00fbrenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 iyice kavrayan ve itikad\u0131n\u0131 bu s\u00fbrenin \u00f6\u011fretisi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fturan bir kimse Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n tevhid ve akaid b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de kavray\u0131p benimsemi\u015f olur. Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee Cev\u00e2hiru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n isimli eserinde (s. 47-48) \u00f6zetle \u015fu hususlara i\u015faret eder: Kur\u2019an\u2019daki bilgiler ana hatlar\u0131yla Allah hakk\u0131nda bilgi (m\u00e2rifetullah), \u00e2hiret bilgisi ve do\u011fru yol bilgisi olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi bunlardan ilkini, yani m\u00e2rifetullah ve tevhid konusunu ihtiva etmektedir. Kur\u2019an\u2019daki di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmler bu s\u00fbredeki tevhid temeline dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fbre Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine denk g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Belirtilen \u00f6neminden dolay\u0131 \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi tefsir kitaplar\u0131nda muhtelif y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131n\u0131p incelendi\u011fi gibi felsefeden tasavvufa kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli ilim dallar\u0131nda da me\u015fhur \u00e2limler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fbre \u00fczerinde pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcstakil tefsir vb. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; ayr\u0131ca s\u00fbre \u00fczerine tezler de haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bilgi ve \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7in bk. Emin I\u015f\u0131k, \u201c\u0130hl\u00e2s S\u00fbresi\u201d, D\u0130A, XXI, 538).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kurban bayram\u0131na k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre kala arefe g\u00fcn\u00fc en merak edilen konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130hlas suresi geliyor. \u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n esas\u0131 olan tevhid …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[1560,265,1576,1575,586],"class_list":["post-4535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-allah","tag-ifade","tag-samed","tag-sifat","tag-tek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4535"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4537,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions\/4537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}