{"id":53024,"date":"2022-11-09T11:51:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T11:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=53024"},"modified":"2022-11-09T11:51:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T11:51:06","slug":"mezopotamya-sakinlerinin-dnasini-cikardilar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=53024","title":{"rendered":"Mezopotamya sakinlerinin DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hacettepe ve ODT\u00dc’den bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderli\u011finde uluslararas\u0131 bir ekip, Diyarbak\u0131r \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesinde M.\u00d6. 8500 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Anadolu insan\u0131na ait ilk antik DNA analizlerini yaparak Kuzey Mezopotamya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n genetik ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/b><\/p>\n

Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi ile ODT\u00dc\u2019den bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, NEOGENE isimli AB projesi kapsam\u0131nda 25 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131dan olu\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc Tepesi\u2019nde binalar\u0131n tabanlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc halde bulunmu\u015f 33 iskelette antik DNA analizi yaparak 13\u2019\u00fcnden DNA elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu analizler, Anadolu\u2019nun 10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nceki tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu.<\/p>\n

Analizler, Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n 10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan olarak rol \u00fcstlendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7AY\u00d6N\u00dc TEPES\u0130 FARKLI K\u00dcLT\u00dcRLERE EV SAH\u0130PL\u0130\u011e\u0130 YAPTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonunda, dinamik bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131ya sahip olan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ergani il\u00e7esinde bulunan \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc Tepesi\u2019nde M\u00d6 8500-7500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f toplumlar\u0131n genetik olarak da y\u00fcksek \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc Tepesi farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, mimari yap\u0131lar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7erisinde bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Antropolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla, yapay kafatas\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendirme ve halk dilinde \u2018da\u011flama\u2019 olarak bilinen trepanasyon gibi v\u00fccuda uygulanan \u00e7e\u015fitli modifikasyonlar ile Anadolu\u2019nun en erken cerrahi m\u00fcdahalelerin bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Science Advances dergisinde yay\u0131mlanarak bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na duyuruldu.<\/p>\n

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Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. Y\u0131lmaz Selim Erdal \u201c\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde 33 bireyi analiz edip bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde 13 bireyden yeterli miktarda DNA korunumunu bulduk ve bunlar \u00fczerine ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131k. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilk de\u011filse bile Kuzey Mezopotamya i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklem grubunu temsil ediyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

ERKEN NEOL\u0130T\u0130K D\u00d6NEMDE AKRABALIK \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erdal, s\u00f6zlerine \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmadan elde edilen \u00f6nemli bulgulardan biri, erken neolitik topluluklarda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkilerinin belirlenmesine y\u00f6nelik oldu. Erken neolitik d\u00f6nemde Anadolu ve \u00e7evresinde \u00f6l\u00fclerin ev tabanlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi yayg\u0131n bir gelenekti. DNA akrabal\u0131k analizleri, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde ayn\u0131 eve g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc bireylerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla yak\u0131n akraba oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6te yandan bir tedavi arac\u0131 olarak da\u011flama Anadolu\u2019da yayg\u0131n bir uygulamad\u0131r. \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, bu uygulaman\u0131n en eski \u00f6rneklerinden birini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit ettik. \u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczeyinde enfeksiyon izi saptanan bir kafatas\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fcsel-rit\u00fcel uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren bir y\u00f6ntemle tedavi edilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini de g\u00f6sterdik. B\u00f6ylece \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019de Anadolu\u2019nun en erken cerrahi m\u00fcdahalelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyduk.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBebeklikten itibaren sar\u0131larak yapay kafatas\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendirme i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda geriye do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bir al\u0131n ve uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kafatas\u0131yla temsil edilen insan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da saptad\u0131k. Saptanan trepanasyon \u00f6rne\u011fi ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu verilerin, Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok dinamik, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde karma\u015f\u0131k bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dinami\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u00c7OCU\u011eUN KAFASI DA\u011eLANMI\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Doktor \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Ezgi Alt\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131k da \u201cB\u00f6lge insanlar\u0131n\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131, Bereketli Hilal’in do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 yakalar\u0131ndan izler ta\u015f\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131 Asya\u2019daki merkezi konumu, toplumun gen havuzuna da yans\u0131yor. Zagros neolitik toplumlar\u0131 ile temsil edilen Bereketli Hilal\u2019in do\u011fusu ile bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Orta Anadolu neolitik toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n demografik \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri bu b\u00f6lgede bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cGenetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlense de toplumun genetik yap\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen 1000 y\u0131l boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6zlenmiyor. Buna ra\u011fmen 2 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun Bereketli Hilal\u2019in do\u011fu yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan toplumlara genetik a\u00e7\u0131dan daha yak\u0131n olmas\u0131, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ne d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan insanlar\u0131n geldi\u011fini ve bu k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayabildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bu k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun parietal kemi\u011finde saptanan da\u011flama (koterizasyon) izinin analizi ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen uygulanan gelene\u011fin tarihte saptanan ilk \u00f6rne\u011fini literat\u00fcre kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olduk. Analizlerle \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dinamizmi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir cazibe merkezi olarak da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

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YUKARI MEZOPOTAMYA\u2019DAN MARMARA\u2019YA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Antropoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Doktor \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi F\u00fcsun \u00d6zer ise \u201cYap\u0131lan genetik analizler \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nden 1000 y\u0131l sonra Orta Anadolu (\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck) ve Marmara\u2019da (Barc\u0131n H\u00f6y\u00fck) ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan insanlar\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019dan geldi\u011fini ortaya koydu. Bu da g\u00f6rece uzak co\u011frafyalar\u0131n insanlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece uzaktan fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yoluyla de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda insan hareketiyle de etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. B\u00f6ylece Neolitik d\u00f6nemde, Mezopotamya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7lerine bir gen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit ettik\u201d dedi. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hacettepe ve ODT\u00dc’den bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderli\u011finde uluslararas\u0131 bir ekip, Diyarbak\u0131r \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesinde M.\u00d6. 8500 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[1234,893,9326,500,9327],"class_list":["post-53024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-anadolu","tag-analiz","tag-cayonu","tag-insan","tag-mezopotamya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53024"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53026,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53024\/revisions\/53026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/53025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}