{"id":5348,"date":"2022-07-09T13:21:04","date_gmt":"2022-07-09T13:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=5348"},"modified":"2022-07-09T13:21:04","modified_gmt":"2022-07-09T13:21:04","slug":"sri-lanka-ekonomisi-nasil-batti-milyonlari-isyan-ettiren-cokusun-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=5348","title":{"rendered":"Sri Lanka ekonomisi nas\u0131l batt\u0131? Milyonlar\u0131 isyan ettiren \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn hikayesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sri Lanka tarihinin en k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik krizini ya\u015farken \u00fclkede yak\u0131t, g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131 sokaklara d\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u0130\u015fte Asya \u00fclkesinde milyonlarca insan\u0131 isyan ettiren ekonomik krizin hikayesi…<\/b><\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 23 milyonluk bir \u00fclke olan Sri Lanka, ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi krizini ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka\u2019da aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren protestolar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6fkeli g\u00f6stericiler bu sabah Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gotabaya Rajapaksa’n\u0131n ba\u015fkent Colombo’daki saray\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131. Rajapaksa\u2019n\u0131n donanmaya ait bir gemiyle ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi. Milyonlarca Sri Lankal\u0131\u2019y\u0131 isyan ettiren \u015fey ise \u00fclke tarihinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede ulusal petrol \u015firketi Ceylon Petroleum\u2019un 700 milyon dolar borcu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yak\u0131t tedariki konusunda sorun ya\u015fayan Asya \u00fclkesi 1948\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden bu yana en k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik krizini ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ada \u00fclkesinde aylard\u0131r g\u0131da, ila\u00e7 ve yak\u0131t\u00a0 sat\u0131n al\u0131nam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00dcLKE TEMERR\u00dcDE D\u00dc\u015eM\u00dc\u015eT\u00dc<\/b><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda iflas etti\u011fini ilan eden Sri Lanka, d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nceki hafta Sri Lanka Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u00a0Ranil Wickremesinghe \u201cEkonomimiz tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u201d diyerek durumun vahametini duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka, Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF) ile bir kurtarma paketine ili\u015fkin m\u00fczakerelerin sonucunu bekleyene kadar, bu y\u0131l vadesi gelen 7 milyar dolarl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f borcun geri \u00f6demesini ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Ancak \u00fclkenin 2026 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 5 milyar dolar daha \u00f6demesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka\u2019da halk ba\u015fkanl\u0131k saray\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131. Foto\u011fraf: Reuters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

SR\u0130 LANKA EKONOM\u0130S\u0130 NASIL \u00c7\u00d6KT\u00dc?<\/b><\/p>\n

Sri Lanka\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde ise \u00fclkenin ithalata b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve d\u00f6viz eksikli\u011fi yat\u0131yor. \u00dclkede bu ithalat\u0131n faturas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyebilecek d\u00f6viz rezervi bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6viz kayna\u011f\u0131 olan turizm 2019\u2019da ya\u015fanan ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck yara al\u0131rken 2020\u2019de ba\u015flayan pandemi bu gelir kayna\u011f\u0131na son darbeyi vurdu. Bununla birlikte uluslararas\u0131 enerji ve emtia fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 da ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkenin ekonomisini olumsuz bir \u015fekilde etkiledi.<\/p>\n

Uzmanlar turizmde ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fclkedeki ekonomi y\u00f6netiminin de ya\u015fanan krizden sorumlu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Sri Lanka\u2019da soka\u011fa d\u00f6k\u00fclen insanlar\u0131n da y\u00fcksek enflasyon, g\u0131da, ila\u00e7 ve yak\u0131t k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile elektrik kesintileri gibi sorunlardan Rajapaksa ailesini ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetini sorumlu tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

H\u00dcK\u00dcMET SORUMLU TUTULUYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Ele\u015ftirmenler, krizin k\u00f6klerinin birbirini izleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimde yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re, \u00fclkedeki cari a\u00e7\u0131k ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir seviyenin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131k, Covid-19 pandemisinden aylar \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren vergi indirimleriyle h\u0131zland\u0131. Bu indirimler 2019 se\u00e7imlerinden \u00f6nce Rajapaksa\u2019n\u0131n vaat etti\u011fi reformlar kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulmu\u015ftu. Pandeminin ve uluslararas\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin d\u00f6viz a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131 ise \u00fclkeyi tarihin en k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik krizlerinden birine soktu.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelere g\u00f6re gereksiz altyap\u0131 projeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda bor\u00e7land\u0131 ve d\u00f6viz rezervini harcad\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda Sri Lanka\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6viz rezervi 7 milyar 600 milyon dolard\u0131. Mart 2020\u2019de bu rakam 1 milyar 930 milyona geriledi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6NLEMLER KR\u0130Z\u0130 TET\u0130KLED\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 2021\u2019de Sri Lanka i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce h\u00fck\u00fcmet, kimyasal g\u00fcbre ithalat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayarak d\u00f6viz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilere organik g\u00fcbre kullanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi. Bu da mahsul k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Ekonomik kriz nedeniyle g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcren selefi Mahinda Rajapaksa\u2019y\u0131 istifaya zorlamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan Ba\u015fbakan Wickremesinghe, \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Sri Lanka\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6viz rezervleri azal\u0131rken zaman\u0131nda hareket etmemekle su\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

EKONOM\u0130 DARALIYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dclkede uygulanan deval\u00fcasyonlar neticesinde Sri Lanka rupisi ABD dolar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sene ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana y\u00fczde 100\u2019e yak\u0131n de\u011fer kaybetti. \u00dclkede ayr\u0131ca enflasyon haziranda y\u00fczde 54,6 ile rekor seviyede bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi ilk \u00e7eyrekte y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 1,6 darald\u0131 ve ikinci \u00e7eyrekte daha da daralaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Ba\u015fbakan Wickremesinghe, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin gelecek y\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fcmede y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik bir daralma hedefledi\u011fini ancak merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fcmede y\u00fczde 4 ila y\u00fczde 5 aras\u0131nda bir daralma tahmin etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131t bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in okullar\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sri Lanka’da akaryak\u0131t istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kuyruklar\u0131n kilometreleri buldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n ise yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60’\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Politikac\u0131lar ise krizin alternatifi olarak IMF ile yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sri Lanka tarihinin en k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik krizini ya\u015farken \u00fclkede yak\u0131t, g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131 sokaklara d\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u0130\u015fte Asya \u00fclkesinde milyonlarca …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[975,516,1805,160,1806],"class_list":["post-5348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-doviz","tag-ekonomi","tag-sri-lanka","tag-ulke","tag-ulkede"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5348"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5350,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5348\/revisions\/5350"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}