So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131 rekabetin tetikledi\u011fi uzay yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flarda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissedilmeyen \u00c7in, bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda h\u0131z verdi\u011fi \u00e7abalar\u0131yla rekabeti yeni ufuklara ta\u015f\u0131yarak lider olmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in, son 20 y\u0131lda \u00fcretti\u011fi uydu, roket, mekik, ke\u015fif ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer donan\u0131mlar ile kendine yeterli uzay program\u0131 geli\u015ftirme konusunda ciddi mesafe kaydetti. \u0130nsanl\u0131 uzay seferlerindeki at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla, bu alanda ABD ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak konumunu peki\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
\u00dclke, bu y\u0131l D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde kurdu\u011fu uzay istasyonuna iki laboratuvar mod\u00fcl\u00fc ekleyerek ana iskeletin montaj\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca istasyona iki kargo seferi ve bir insanl\u0131 sefer d\u00fczenledi. \u0130kinci insanl\u0131 seferin ise gelecek ay ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u0131l neredeyse her hafta uydu f\u0131rlatan \u00c7in, y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli geli\u015ftiriyor. Uzaktan alg\u0131lama \u00f6zellikli yer ve okyanus g\u00f6zlem uydular\u0131, ileti\u015fim ve istihbarat ama\u00e7l\u0131 uydular d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ABD’nin K\u00fcresel Konumlama Sistemi\u2019ne (GPS) rakip ve alternatif BeiDou konumlama sistemi i\u00e7in de uydu a\u011f\u0131 kuruyor.<\/p>\n
Ay ve Mars\u2019ta halen aktif durumdaki ke\u015fif ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00c7in, Ven\u00fcs, J\u00fcpiter ve Asteroid Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019na ke\u015fif g\u00f6revleri planl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Optik ve X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 teleskoplar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck radyo teleskobu FAST\u2019i geli\u015ftiren \u00fclke, yer ve uzay teleskoplar\u0131 ile uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda kapasitesini artt\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
A\u011f\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ve yeniden kullan\u0131labilir \u00f6zellikteki iki yeni nesil roket motorlar\u0131n\u0131n ate\u015fleme testlerini yapan \u00c7in, f\u0131rlatma ve ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirme konusunda da ciddi ilerleme kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Ay ke\u015fif g\u00f6revi<\/strong><\/p>\n 2019\u2019da \u201c\u00c7ang\u2019\u0131 4\u201d robotik arac\u0131n\u0131 Ay\u2019\u0131n karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcne indiren \u00c7in, bunu ba\u015farabilen ilk \u00fclke oldu. Ay\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczeyinden \u00f6rnek toplamas\u0131 planlanan \u201c\u00c7ang\u2019\u0131 5\u201d arac\u0131n\u0131 da 2021\u2019de uzaya f\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7in, Ay\u2019daki ke\u015fif faaliyetini gelecek y\u0131llarda yeni g\u00f6revlerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek. Bu kapsamda 2024\u2019te kaya ve toprak \u00f6rnekleri toplamak \u00fczere \u00c7ang\u2019\u0131 6, 2026\u2019da Ay\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbunda ke\u015fif yapmak \u00fczere \u00c7ang\u2019\u0131 7 ve 2027\u2019de do\u011fal kaynak kapasitesini ve kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini do\u011frulamak ve Ay y\u00fczeyindeki uzay \u00fcss\u00fc in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in testler yapmak \u00fczere \u00c7ang\u2019\u0131 8 g\u00f6revleri planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in mitolojisindeki Ay tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ke\u015fif g\u00f6revleri, \u00fclkenin uzay yar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki iddias\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. \u00dclke, 2030\u2019larda Ay\u2019a insanl\u0131 seferler d\u00fczenleyerek ABD\u2019nin Ay ke\u015fif g\u00f6revi Artemis\u2019e rakip olmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n ABD Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Ajans\u0131 (NASA), Yunan Ay tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u201cArtemis\u201din ad\u0131 verilen ke\u015fif g\u00f6revi kapsam\u0131nda 2024\u2019e kadar Ay\u2019a insanl\u0131 seferler d\u00fczenlemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. 2028\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrmesi planlanan seferlerin ard\u0131ndan Ay y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde uzay istasyonu kurulmas\u0131 ve buray\u0131 basamak yaparak Mars\u2019a insanl\u0131 seferler d\u00fczenlenmesi hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n Mars ke\u015fif g\u00f6revi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan \u00c7in, uydu ve gezginci robottan olu\u015fan Mars ke\u015fif g\u00f6revi \u201cTienv\u0131n-1\u2033i K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019e yollad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7in\u2019in tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk Mars ke\u015fif g\u00f6revinde kullan\u0131lacak ara\u00e7lar, 23 Temmuz 2020\u2019de f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. Ke\u015fif ara\u00e7lar\u0131, 202 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan 10 \u015eubat 2021\u2019de gezegenin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine ula\u015f\u0131rken, Mars uydusu faaliyete ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 14 May\u0131s 2021\u2019de robotik gezgin ara\u00e7 Curong, K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019in y\u00fczeyine indi. B\u00f6ylece \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Mars y\u00fczeyinde ke\u015fif faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi ba\u015faran ikinci \u00fclke oldu.<\/p>\n \u00c7ince \u201cg\u00f6klerdeki hakikati aramak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cTienv\u0131n\u201d misyonu, ad\u0131n\u0131 milattan \u00f6nce (M\u00d6) 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan \u00c7inli \u015fair Qu Yuan\u2019\u0131n dizelerinden al\u0131yor. Gezgin robot ise \u00c7in mitolojisinde ate\u015f ve sava\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in, 2011\u2019de Rusya i\u015fbirli\u011finde Mars\u2019a uydu yollamaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmi\u015f ancak uydu, D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine ula\u015famadan atmosferde yanarak tahrip olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u0130nsanl\u0131 uzay seferleri<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7in, ilk kez 1967\u2019de, Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mao Z\u0131dong ve Ba\u015fbakan Cou Enlay d\u00f6neminde insanl\u0131 uzay yolculu\u011fu yapma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019nin \u201cGemini\u201d meki\u011finden kopya edilerek 1970\u2019lerde yap\u0131lan \u015euguang uzay arac\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. \u00dclke ard\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Soyuz meki\u011fini \u00f6rnek alan \u015e\u0131ncou meki\u011fini geli\u015ftirerek y\u0131llar sonra hedefine ula\u015fabildi.<\/p>\n \u015e\u0131ncou-1 meki\u011fi ile 1999\u2019da ilk insans\u0131z test u\u00e7u\u015fu yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7inli taykonot Yang Livey, 15 Ekim 2003\u2019te \u201c\u015e\u0131ncou-5\u201d meki\u011fiyle uzayda 21 saat u\u00e7arak \u00fclkesinin ilk insanl\u0131 uzay seferini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n 2008\u2019de \u201c\u015e\u0131ncou-7\u201d seferinde ilk uzay y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131ld\u0131, 2012\u2019de \u201c\u015e\u0131ncou-9\u201d seferinde taykonotlar, \u00c7in\u2019in o d\u00f6nemdeki uzay istasyonu prototipi Tiengong-1\u2019e kenetlenmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n Yeni kurulan uzay istasyonuna ise 2021\u2019de iki, bu y\u0131l ise bir insanl\u0131 sefer d\u00fczenlendi, gelecek ay yeni bir seferin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in, bug\u00fcn ABD ve Rusya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insanl\u0131 uzay yolculu\u011fu yapabilme kapasitesine ve tecr\u00fcbesine sahip tek \u00fclke konumunda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Uzay istasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fini yasaklamas\u0131 ve Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu (ISS) program\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi nedeniyle kendi uzay istasyonunu kurmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Bir \u00e7ekirdek mod\u00fcl, iki laboratuvar mod\u00fcl\u00fc ve bir uzay teleskobundan olu\u015fmas\u0131 planlanan Tiengong (g\u00f6k saray\u0131) istasyonu tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n art\u0131k faal olmayan Mir Uzay \u0130stasyonu ile yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 boyutlarda olacak.<\/p>\n \u0130stasyonun ana par\u00e7as\u0131 \u201cTienh\u0131\u201d (g\u00f6ksel uyum) ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7ekirdek mod\u00fcl 29 Nisan 2021\u2019de, ilk laboratuvar mod\u00fcl\u00fc \u201cV\u0131ntien\u201d (g\u00f6kleri aramak) 24 Temmuz\u2019da, ikinci laboratuvar mod\u00fcl\u00fc M\u0131ngtien (g\u00f6kleri d\u00fc\u015flemek) ise 31 Ekim\u2019de f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7ekirdek mod\u00fcle laboratuvar mod\u00fcllerinin eklenmesiyle istasyonun \u201cT\u201d bi\u00e7imli ana iskeleti tamamland\u0131. Ana iskelet kurulduktan sonra \u201c\u015e\u00fcntien\u201d (g\u00f6kleri dola\u015fmak) ad\u0131 verilen uzay teleskobunun, ayr\u0131 bir mod\u00fcl olarak istasyona eklenmesi planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Montaj\u0131n\u0131n 2022 sonunda tamamlanmas\u0131 hedeflenen istasyonda halen \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik taykonot ekibi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Uydu altyap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7in, son yirmi y\u0131lda uydu teknolojisi alan\u0131ndaki at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na da h\u0131z verdi. \u00dclke, ChinSat ve Cong\u015fing ileti\u015fim uydular\u0131, Gaof\u0131n, Yaogan ve \u015eiyan yer g\u00f6zlem ve Hay Yang okyanus g\u00f6zlem uydular\u0131, Kuafu G\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zlem uydusu, BeiDou k\u00fcresel konumlama uydular\u0131 ve \u015eingy\u00fcn internet uydular\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da uydudan olu\u015fan a\u011flarla altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n Statista\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, 1 Ocak 2022 tarihi itibar\u0131yla D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 4 bin 852 aktif uydu yer al\u0131yor. \u00c7in, 499 uyduyla, 2 bin 944 uyduya sahip ABD\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan en fazla uydusu olan ikinci \u00fclke konumunda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, askeri alanda ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel konumlama sistemi GPS\u2019e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak \u00fczere BeiDou Uydu Konumlama Sistemi\u2019ni (BDS) geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n BeiDou uydu a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk uydu 2000\u2019de f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00f6rt uydudan olu\u015fan \u201cBDS-1\u201d a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 20 uydudan olu\u015fan \u201cBDS-2\u201d ve 35 uyduluk \u201cBDS-3\u201d a\u011flar\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilen ve desteklenen sistemde aktif halde 42 uydu bulunuyor. Gelecek y\u0131l BDS-3 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in 3 ila 5 uydunun daha f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131, 2035\u2019de kadar ise \u201cBDS-4\u201d ad\u0131 verilen yeni nesil uydu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sisteme eklenmesi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7in, BDS\u2019nin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte GPS\u2019e alternatif olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ediyor. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcretilen ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 98\u2019inde, BDS sistemini kullanan harita ve konum hizmetleri bulunuyordu. Ula\u015ft\u0131rmadan, e-ticarete ve paket servis hizmetlerine kadar bir\u00e7ok ticari uygulama alan\u0131na sahip teknoloji yakla\u015f\u0131k 470 milyar yuanl\u0131k (64,5 milyar dolar) bir pazar olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n Uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131, f\u0131rlatma sistemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7in, t\u00fcm bu projeler i\u00e7in f\u0131rlatma ve ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7 ve donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde a\u015famal\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n Ana f\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren Long March (Uzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f) roketleri hem a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckleri hem de daha hafif unsurlar\u0131 uzaya ta\u015f\u0131makta kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130lk kez \u00fclkenin ilk yerli uydusu Donfanghong 1\u2019i 1970\u2019de uzaya f\u0131rlatan Long March 1 roketinden bug\u00fcne dek 18 nesil \u00fcretildi. Halen Long March 2C\u2019den Long March 11\u2019e kadar a\u015famal\u0131 roketler, farkl\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revlerini yerine getiriyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan personel meki\u011fi \u015e\u0131ncou (kutsal gemi) ve kargo meki\u011fi Tiencou (g\u00f6k gemisi) da \u00c7in uzay program\u0131n\u0131n ana ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131 rekabetin tetikledi\u011fi uzay yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flarda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissedilmeyen \u00c7in, bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda h\u0131z verdi\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[11,793,160,932,212],"class_list":["post-54987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-abd","tag-cin","tag-ulke","tag-uydu","tag-uzay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54987"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54989,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54987\/revisions\/54989"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}