{"id":66193,"date":"2022-12-23T08:51:07","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T08:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=66193"},"modified":"2022-12-23T08:51:07","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T08:51:07","slug":"parfumler-eskisi-gibi-kokmayabilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=66193","title":{"rendered":"Parf\u00fcmler eskisi gibi kokmayabilir"},"content":{"rendered":"

Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Dekan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Murat Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk,\u00a0 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin, di\u011fer bitkiler \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu gibi parf\u00fcm bitkileri \u00fczerinde de etkileri bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u0130TK\u0130LER STRESE G\u0130R\u0130YOR\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak havalar ve gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksekli\u011fin bitkilerin strese girmesine neden oldu\u011funu kaydeden Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk, \u201cSulama yap\u0131lsa dahi verimde ve kalitede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler meydana geliyor. Sulu tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmayan yani sadece bitkilerin ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yeti\u015fti\u011fi, kuru tar\u0131m sisteminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fckleri, erken \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme, zaman\u0131ndan \u00f6nce hasat, bir y\u0131l boyunca yap\u0131lan hasat say\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f gibi olumsuzluklar ya\u015fan\u0131yor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan 43 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de bu olumsuzluklardan etkilendi\u011fini vurgulayan Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk, kurakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 stresin, bu bitkilerin sentezledi\u011fi u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f miktar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n

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Bitkilerin s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u0131caktan ve zararlar\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00e7in fazla miktarda u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f sentezlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n

\u201cBunun en basit \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00fcld\u00fcr. G\u00fcl \u00f6\u011flen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendini korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131nda bulunan u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131 ortama verir, s\u0131cak havalarda bu \u015fekilde kendisini koruyarak zarar g\u00f6rmez. Kurakl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, bitkinin strese girmesine ve zarar g\u00f6rmesine sebep olur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak stres ortam\u0131nda geli\u015fimini tam olarak tamamlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan verim ve kalitede azalmalar \u015feklinde yans\u0131mas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0130\u00c7EKLENME D\u00d6NEM\u0130 ARTIK DAHA ERKEN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle kozmetik ya da parf\u00fcmeri bitkilerinde \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmenin bir ay erken g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc aktaran Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk, \u201cNormalde bir bitkinin haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmesi gerekirken havalar\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ve kurak gitmesinden dolay\u0131 may\u0131s ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Bunun sonucunda da verim ve kalitede azalmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

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Kozmetik ve parf\u00fcmeri sanayisinde kullan\u0131lan ve do\u011fada kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen bitkilerin toplanma zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa de\u011finen Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk, \u201cBitkilerin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri kullan\u0131lacaksa \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, yapraklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lacaksa \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemi veya hemen \u00f6ncesinde hasat edilmesi gerekiyor. Ancak son y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yem bitkileri \u00fcretiminde azalmalar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hayvanlar \u00e7ay\u0131r, mera ve ormanl\u0131k alanlarda mevsiminden \u00f6nce otlat\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu durum parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

\u201cA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toplama ve otlatmalar, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, \u015fehirle\u015fme, bitki ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7siz tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131, do\u011fadan toplanan parf\u00fcm bitkileri i\u00e7in bir tehdit. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkilerini yo\u011fun olarak son 3-4 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, bunun bitkiler \u00fczerindeki etkilerini net g\u00f6rebilmemiz i\u00e7in en az 10 -15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir zaman\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi gerek. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc Havzas\u0131\u2019nda kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle pop\u00fclasyonu y\u00fczde 90 oran\u0131nda azalan bitkiler var, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerin ve geofitlerin bir\u00e7o\u011funu g\u00f6remiyoruz art\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bitkisel \u00fcretimde verimin d\u00fc\u015fmesinin kaliteyi de etkiledi\u011fine ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin parf\u00fcm bitkilerinin koku kalitelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dikkati \u00e7eken Tun\u00e7t\u00fcrk, bu bitkilerin sera ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00fcretilmesine ili\u015fkin ise \u201cEkonomik getirisinin iyi olmas\u0131 durumunda seralarda parf\u00fcm bitkileri \u00fcretilebilir. Tarladakiyle ayn\u0131 kalitede \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama maliyetler \u00f6nemli.\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n

\u201cEN B\u00dcY\u00dcK SIKINTI YA\u011eI\u015e AZLI\u011eI\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcl ve g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreticisi S\u00fcleyman K\u0131nac\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli parf\u00fcm ham maddesinin g\u00fcl ve g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 55\u2019ini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n daha az \u00fcretildi\u011fini, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fczde 95-98\u2019inin ihra\u00e7 edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretimini yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131, lavanta ya\u011f\u0131, kekik ya\u011f\u0131 ve defne ya\u011f\u0131nda verim ve kalitenin tamamen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulayan K\u0131nac\u0131, \u201cHer sene farkl\u0131 bir kalite ve verimle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yoruz. G\u00fclde son 2-3 y\u0131ld\u0131r, y\u00fczde 20-25 verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne rastl\u0131yoruz ve bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeninin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ya da dolu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 etkilese de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 verim ve kalite de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131s\u0131 Bulgaristan, \u0130ran, Afganistan gibi \u00fcretici \u00fclkelerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE YET\u0130\u015eEN VE PARF\u00dcM YAPIMINDA KULLANILAN B\u0130TK\u0130LER:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otsu ve \u00e7al\u0131 formunda bitki t\u00fcrleri: G\u00fcl, lavanta, biberiye, melisa, ada \u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, nane t\u00fcrleri, kekik t\u00fcrleri, da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, \u0131t\u0131r, \u00f6lmez otu, papatya (Chamaemelum nobile All.), lippia, civanper\u00e7emi, zufa otu, kedi otu, limon otu.<\/p>\n

Tek y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki t\u00fcrleri: Fesle\u011fen (reyhan), papatya, anason, ki\u015fni\u015f, rezene, kimyon, kadife \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, dere otu, \u00e7\u00f6rek otu, t\u00fct\u00fcn, pelin otu, ayn\u0131sefa.<\/p>\n

So\u011fanl\u0131 ve yumrulu bitkiler: Safran, iris, s\u00fcmb\u00fcl, nergis, orkide, zambak.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 formunda bitki t\u00fcrleri: Ard\u0131\u00e7, s\u0131\u011fla, sedir, defne, turun\u00e7giller, \u00e7am, k\u00f6knar, mimoza, \u0131hlamur, gilaburu. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin rekoltelerinde kay\u0131plara neden olurken uzmanlar sadece verimde de\u011fil kalitede de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[10361,238,74,4217,875],"class_list":["post-66193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-bitkiler","tag-cicek","tag-gul","tag-verim","tag-yag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66193"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66195,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66193\/revisions\/66195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/66194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=66193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=66193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}