{"id":67926,"date":"2022-12-29T08:51:07","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T08:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=67926"},"modified":"2022-12-29T08:51:07","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T08:51:07","slug":"rus-ekonomisinde-rekor-yaptirima-ragmen-sinirli-kuculme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=67926","title":{"rendered":"Rus ekonomisinde rekor yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ra\u011fmen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rusya ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ndeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar, Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF) ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131’ndan derlenen bilgilere g\u00f6re, 24 \u015eubat 2022’de Ukrayna’da ba\u015flayan sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler ba\u015fta siyaset ve ekonomi alanlar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere \u015firket ve \u015fah\u0131slara y\u00f6nelik 10 binden fazla Rusya kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m maddesini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu.<\/p>\n

IMF tahminlerine g\u00f6re Rus ekonomisinin bu y\u0131l en az y\u00fczde 3,4 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi beklenirken, Rusya Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re ekonominin y\u00fczde 2,9, Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin’e g\u00f6re ise y\u00fczde 2,5 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Rus yetkililer, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n devreye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bahar d\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131l\u0131 analistlerin ekonomideki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmenin y\u00fczde 15 civar\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 tahminlerine i\u015faret ederek, y\u00fczde 2,5 ila 3 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmenin mevcut \u015fartlarda \u201c\u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak finans, lojistik ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131ndaki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle Rusya, ekonomide beklenenden daha iyi bir performans g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen, gelecek y\u0131llardaki potansiyel kalk\u0131nmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli oranda mahrum kalacak.<\/p>\n

F\u0130NANS VE BANKACILIK SEKT\u00d6R\u00dc HEDEF ALINDI<\/b><\/p>\n

Rus finans ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilit alanlardan birisi olarak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131, 24 \u015eubat itibar\u0131yla 640 milyar dolar d\u00fczeyindeki rezervlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bulunduruyordu ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle bankan\u0131n bu rezervlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131na eri\u015fimi donduruldu. Putin’in \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve soygun\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Rus rublesi de dolar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u0131zla de\u011fer kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131, dolar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 70 seviyesinden 130\u2019a kadar \u00e7\u0131kan Rus rublesini dizginleme gayretine girerken d\u00f6viz krizi nedeniyle sert sermaye kontrolleri uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, ruble, dolar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 telafi ederek 60 seviyesinin alt\u0131na geriledi ve 27 Aral\u0131k itibar\u0131yla 67 seviyesinden i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede dolar ve euroya eri\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olanaklarla s\u00fcrerken, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n bankalardan bu para birimlerine eri\u015fmesi neredeyse imkans\u0131z hale getirildi.<\/p>\n

SWIFT S\u0130STEM\u0130NDEN \u00c7IKARILDI<\/b><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Rus finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc derinden etkiliyor.<\/p>\n

Sberbank ve VTB gibi \u00fclkenin en kritik banklar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 para transferi sistemi SWIFT\u2019ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015firket ve \u015fah\u0131slar uluslararas\u0131 para transferlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekte zorluk ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6deme sistemleri Visa ve MasterCard’\u0131n da Rusya’dan \u00e7ekilmesiyle deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6demeler art\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemiyor.<\/p>\n

SWIFT sisteminden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma riski nedeniyle Rusya, 2014\u2019te SPFS\u2019yi (Mali Mesajla\u015fma Sistemi) geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sistem, Rusya i\u00e7erisinde sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6demeler i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz SWIFT’e bir alternatif yarat\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

ULUSLARARASI \u00d6DEMELERDE SORUNLAR YA\u015eANIYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Rus bankalar\u0131, Visa ve Mastercard’\u0131n faaliyetlerini durdurmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mir sistemiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kartlara y\u00f6nelik talebin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan May\u0131s 2017’de kurulan Mir \u00f6deme sistemi, bankaya ait Ulusal Kartl\u0131 \u00d6deme Sistemi adl\u0131 sistem \u00fczerinden elektronik para transferleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riskleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke ve yabanc\u0131 banka Mir kartlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin vermiyor.<\/p>\n

Rusya’da uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6deme sistemlerinde ya\u015fanan sorunlar nedeniyle vatanda\u015flar, tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na para transfer edebilmek i\u00e7in kripto paralara yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve Rusya Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6demelerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kripto paray\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar atmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, \u201cdijital ruble\u201dyle ilgili test s\u00fcrecinin de 2023\u2019te ba\u015flamas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

DOLAR VE EURO \u2018ZEH\u0130RL\u0130\u2019 OLARAK TANIMLANIYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Dolar ve euro, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle Rusya’da yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan art\u0131k \u201czehirli\u201d para birimleri \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu nedenle rezervlerinde ve d\u0131\u015f ticarette \u00f6zellikle dolar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak, ekonomisinde \u201cdost \u00fclke\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerin ulusal para birimlerinin pay\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cMali istikrar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d adl\u0131 raporda, \u00fclkede d\u0131\u015f \u00f6demelerin neredeyse y\u00fczde 50’sinin dolar ve euro d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki alternatif para birimleriyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bu oran\u0131n 2022 ba\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fczde 21 d\u00fczeyinde oldu\u011funa i\u015faret edildi.<\/p>\n

YUAN\u2019A TALEP 41, TL\u2019YE 17 KAT ARTTI<\/b><\/p>\n

Dolar ve euroya alternatif olarak ruble ve yuan ile \u00f6demelerin \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine yer verilen raporda, Rusya’n\u0131n ihracat\u0131nda dolar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131n ilk 9 ay\u0131nda y\u00fczde 52’den y\u00fczde 34’e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtildi. Rublenin pay\u0131n\u0131n ise s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde y\u00fczde 12,3’ten y\u00fczde 32,4’e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaydedildi\u011fi raporda, yuan\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 0,4’ten 14’e y\u00fckseldi\u011fi, euronun pay\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 35’ten 19’a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgisi payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Moskova Borsas\u0131’nda 2022’de yuana talep 41 kat, T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na y\u00f6nelik talep de ge\u00e7en y\u0131la k\u0131yasla 17 kat artt\u0131. Rus Merkez Bankas\u0131 da rezervlerinde de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk liras\u0131, yuan ve rupi sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Y\u00dcKSEK TEKNOLOJ\u0130L\u0130 \u00dcR\u00dcNLERE ER\u0130\u015e\u0130LEM\u0130YOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Resmi ticaret istatistiklerinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n durduruldu\u011fu Rusya’da ithalat ve ihracat dengesinin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan \u00f6nemli oranda etkilendi\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130thalat\u0131 yerli \u00fcretimle ikame etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rusya, 24 \u015eubat’tan \u00f6nce y\u00fcksek teknolojili mallara ve ithalata b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131, madencilik ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknolojilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstrilerin hakimiyetinde kalmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle teknoloji ve finansmana eri\u015fimi k\u0131s\u0131tlanan Rusya, ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnlere eri\u015fmekte mevcut \u015fartlarda eri\u015fmekte zorlanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n

YAPTIRIMLARIN ETK\u0130S\u0130 GELECEK YILLARDA H\u0130SSED\u0130LECEK<\/b><\/p>\n

Ekonomistler, \u015firketlerin ithal girdi stoklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmesinin ve ithal makinelerin bak\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisini art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na, \u00fclke ekonomisinin gelecek y\u0131llara ili\u015fkin potansiyel kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na sekte vuraca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Rusya bu nedenle 30 Mart’ta paralel ithalat\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakarak ithal \u00fcr\u00fcn ihtiyac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik talebi bu y\u00f6ntemle hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Rusya Federal G\u00fcmr\u00fck Servisi (FTS) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Bulavin, paralel ithalat y\u00f6ntemiyle bu y\u0131l\u0131n may\u0131s-ekim d\u00f6neminde 17 milyar dolar de\u011ferinde \u00fcr\u00fcn ithal edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u00dcZLERCE \u015e\u0130RKET RUSYA\u2019DAN \u00c7IKTI<\/b><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fta McDonald’s, IKEA, Adidas ve Puma olmak \u00fczere y\u00fczlerce Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firket, yapt\u0131r\u0131m bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Rusya’dan \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. McDonald’s ve Starbucks gibi \u015firketler, Rusya’daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yerel ortaklar\u0131na devrederken, IKEA da benzer bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Prada, Zara, H&M gibi \u015firketler ise Rusya’dan \u00e7ekilirken, s\u00f6z konusu markalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri paralel ithalat sayesinde eskisine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir yelpazede ma\u011fazalarda bulunabiliyor. K\u00fcresel otomobil \u015firketlerinin Rusya’daki \u00fcretimlerini durdurmalar\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeye sevkiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rmas\u0131 da ekonomiyi derinden etkileyen bir geli\u015fme olarak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Renault, Nissan ve Mercedes gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomobil \u015firketleri Rusya’dan \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, bu \u015firketler Rusya’daki t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Rus devletine devretti.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019da otomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ekimde ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 62,8 azalarak 45 bine geriledi.<\/p>\n

ENFLASYON 20 YILIN Z\u0130RVES\u0130NDE<\/b><\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Rus ekonomisinde etkiledi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka alan da enflasyon oldu. 2021’i y\u00fczde 6,7 y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyonla kapatan Rusya’da yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyon Nisan 2022’de y\u00fczde 20,3’le son 20 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusya Merkez Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n politika faizini y\u00fczde 20’ye \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla gerileme g\u00f6steren enflasyon kas\u0131m itibar\u0131yla 12 seviyesine indi. Ancak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle sevkiyat\u0131 yasaklanan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin paralel ithalatla Rus pazar\u0131na getirilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiyatlar\u0131 enflasyon oran\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde belirleniyor.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 hava yolu \u015firketlerinin Rus pazar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesi ve Avrupa’n\u0131n hava sahas\u0131n\u0131 Rus hava yolu \u015firketlerine kapatmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle u\u00e7ak bileti fiyatlar\u0131 yine enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde pahal\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ROTA \u2018DOST\u2019 \u00dcLKELERE D\u00d6ND\u00dc<\/b><\/p>\n

Rusya’n\u0131n enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n hedefi haline gelirken, \u00fclkenin Avrupa’ya do\u011falgaz sevkiyat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50 azald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Ak\u0131m, Kuzey Ak\u0131m 2 ve Yamal-Avrupa gibi boru hatlar\u0131 at\u0131l duruma d\u00fc\u015ferken, Avrupa Rusya’dan s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz (LNG) almay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Avrupa, deniz yoluyla Rus petrol\u00fc al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurma karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, Rus petrol\u00fcne varil ba\u015f\u0131na 60 dolar tavan fiyat uygulanmas\u0131na karar verdi. Rusya ise tavan fiyat uygulamas\u0131na kat\u0131lan \u00fclkelere petrol sevkiyat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyece\u011fini duyururken, ihrac\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k ba\u015fta \u00c7in ve Hindistan olmak \u00fczere Asya pazarlar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirece\u011fini ilan etti.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011falgaz \u00fcretiminin y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla gaz \u00fcretimi ge\u00e7en y\u0131la k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 12, ihracat\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 25 d\u00fc\u015fmesi beklenirken, petrol \u00fcretiminin gelecek y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde y\u00fczde 5 civar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor. (AA)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle 2022\u2019de Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik modern tarihin en kapsaml\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulan\u0131rken, \u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rus ekonomisinin gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin hen\u00fcz iyimser bir tablo \u00e7izilemiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[70,215,69,42,217],"class_list":["post-67926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-dolar","tag-para","tag-rus","tag-rusya","tag-sirket"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=67926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67928,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67926\/revisions\/67928"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/67927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=67926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=67926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=67926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}