{"id":68539,"date":"2022-12-31T05:51:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-31T05:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=68539"},"modified":"2022-12-31T05:51:03","modified_gmt":"2022-12-31T05:51:03","slug":"2022de-bilim-dunyasina-damga-vuran-olaylar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=68539","title":{"rendered":"2022\u2019de bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na damga vuran olaylar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ekonomik sorunlar, sava\u015flar, yeni vir\u00fcsler derken \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden etkileyici ke\u015fifleri g\u00f6lgede kalsa da asl\u0131nda gelece\u011fe umut ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k olduklar\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu y\u0131l da birbirinden ilgin\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Uzay biliminden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, tarihten yeni ke\u015fiflere i\u015fte 2022\u2019de bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na damga vuran geli\u015fmeler\u2026<\/p>\n

UZAYDA B\u0130R \u015eEYLER OLUYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

2021\u2019in son g\u00fcnlerinde Netflix\u2019te yay\u0131nlanan Yukar\u0131 Bakma (Don\u2019t Look Up) pek \u00e7o\u011fumuzu, belki de \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ekle y\u00fczle\u015ftirdi: Evren bilinmezliklerle dolu ve D\u00fcnya\u2019ya bir g\u00f6k ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 pek de uzak bir olas\u0131l\u0131kde\u011fil. \u00dcstelik bu senaryo sadece Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Lawrence, Cate Blanchett ve Meryl Streep gibi birbirinden \u00fcnl\u00fc oyuncunun muhte\u015fem performanslar\u0131 sayesinde dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015fti; zira bilim insanlar\u0131 da s\u0131k s\u0131k D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 tehdit edebilecek bir g\u00f6k ta\u015f\u0131 konusunda gezegenimizin \u00f6nlem almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada Dart devreye girdi. 2022\u2019de bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7eken geli\u015fmelerinden biri ya\u015fand\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ya da belki bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunu getirebilecek g\u00f6k ta\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Be\u015f asteroit yaln\u0131zca ocak ay\u0131nda D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya bas\u0131n\u0131nda yer al\u0131rken, hi\u00e7birinin \u00e7arpmamas\u0131 adeta bir mucize olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bununla birlikte, bir asteroitin D\u00fcnya ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Hatta D\u00fcnya, \u00f6nceki \u00e7arpmalardan kaynaklanan kraterlerle kapl\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, 65 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce, yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 km \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki bir asteroit \u00e7arpmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan dinozorlar\u0131n soyunun t\u00fckendi\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden de uluslararas\u0131 uzay toplulu\u011fu bir asteroitin bizi gafil avlama riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 att\u0131. NASA ve ESA g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirerek Dart (Double Asteroid Re-Direction Test), ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir asteroitin (Dimorphos) biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir asteroitin (Didymos) y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde d\u00f6nerken bir uzay arac\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek y\u00f6r\u00fcngesini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ekim ay\u0131nda, g\u00f6revin tahmin edilenden daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Dimorphos\u2019un y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bildirildi. bu da yeterli zaman olmas\u0131 halinde, D\u00fcnya\u2019ya do\u011fru yakla\u015fan tehlikeli bir g\u00f6k ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n rotas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130NSANLIK AY\u2019A D\u00d6NMEYE HAZIR MI?<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tehlikeli asteroitleri engellemenin yan\u0131nda, 50 y\u0131l sonra Ay\u2019a yeniden gitmek i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Apollo 17 g\u00f6revinin \u00fczerinden 50 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fken NASA-ESA ortak program\u0131 olan Artemis ile insanlar\u0131 Ay\u2019a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme operasyonu ba\u015flad\u0131. Misyonun ilk a\u015famas\u0131 olan Orion kaps\u00fcl\u00fc, kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Kaps\u00fcl, alt\u0131 astronot alacak \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131. G\u00f6rev, astronotlardan olu\u015fan bir ekibin 2025\u2019te Ay\u2019a ini\u015f yapmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanacak.<\/p>\n

YEN\u0130 B\u0130R UZAY G\u00d6ZLEM \u00c7A\u011eI BA\u015eLADI<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l asl\u0131nda uzay bilimiyle pek ilgilenmeyenleri bile etkileyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler yakalayan James Webb Uzay Teleskopu, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri oldu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

James Webb, D\u00fcnya\u2019dan bir milyon mil uzakta, 2022\u2019nin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini \u00e7ekmeye haz\u0131rlanmakla ge\u00e7irdi. Temmuz ay\u0131nda da bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler nihayet t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya ile payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Teleskop, \u015fimdiye kadar evrenin benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f derecede ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sundu. NASA\u2019da y\u00f6netici yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan Thomas Zurbuchen, \u201cevrenin \u015fimdiye kadarki en derin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d temsil etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

DO\u011eAL AFETLER\u0130 \u00d6NCEDEN BEL\u0130RLED\u0130LER<\/b><\/p>\n

2022\u2019de bilim, daha denizde olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce ABD k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na vuran bir kas\u0131rgay\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi. Yani art\u0131k do\u011fal tehlikelerin \u00e7o\u011funun geli\u015fini g\u00fcnler \u00f6ncesinden g\u00f6recek teknolojiye sahibiz.<\/p>\n

Yine de 2022\u2019de de \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olaylardan ka\u00e7mak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da, bu yaz 20 binden fazla insan, rekor k\u0131ran s\u0131caklar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6ld\u00fc. A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda, Pakistan\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri sular alt\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve 1.700 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli olay\u0131, belki de BM genel sekreteri Ant\u00f3nio Guterres\u2019in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n erken uyar\u0131lara e\u015fit \u015fekilde eri\u015fime sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131yd\u0131. Harekete ge\u00e7ebilmeleri i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 uyarmak, trajediyi \u00f6nlemenin en iyi yolu.<\/p>\n

REKOR KIRAN BALIK<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mekong Nehri\u2019nde yakalanan ve bir boz ay\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahip olan dev vatoz bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnya rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131. Canavar bal\u0131k olarak an\u0131lan vatozun, 300 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 4 metre uzunlu\u011funda oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Kambo\u00e7yal\u0131 bir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yakalanan dev vatoz bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, son olarak 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tayland’da yakalanan bir tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 7 kilo daha a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya rekorunu da k\u0131rd\u0131. 300 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bal\u0131k, yeti\u015fkin bir boz ay\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131yla da dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

Canavar bal\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan dev vatoz, yakaland\u0131ktan sonra ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan incelenip serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 24 Haziran\u2019da da Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131.<\/p>\n

PLAST\u0130K CEHENNEM\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Everest Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksekliklerinde, okyanusun derinliklerinde ve \u015fimdi ilk kez insan v\u00fccudunda\u2026 \u0130nsan kan\u0131nda ve akci\u011ferlerinde plastik par\u00e7alar bulundu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, insan kan\u0131nda solunabilecek veya yenebilecek bir mikrometreden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck nanoplastikler buldular. Ayr\u0131ca cerrahi hastalar\u0131n\u0131n akci\u011ferlerinde iki milimetre uzunlu\u011funda plastik lifler de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ekotoksikolog Dick Vethaak, \u201cBu plastik par\u00e7alar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za nas\u0131l ve hatta zarar verip vermeyece\u011fi hala net de\u011fil ama evet, endi\u015felenmeliyiz. Plastikler kan\u0131m\u0131zda olmamal\u0131\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

B\u0130NLERCE YILLIK V\u0130R\u00dcS\u00dc CANLANDIRDILAR<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, \u015fimdiye kadar canland\u0131r\u0131lan en eski vir\u00fcs\u00fc; 48.500 y\u0131ll\u0131k vir\u00fcs\u00fc hayata d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bilim insanlar\u0131, on binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r donmu\u015f halde duran eski bir vir\u00fcs\u00fc canland\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir tehdit olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi konusunda da uyard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ekip, yeni ke\u015ffedilen vir\u00fcslerin en eskisinin neredeyse 50.000 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Fransa’daki Aix-Marseille \u00dcniversitesi’nden Jean-Michel Claverie, New Scientist’e \u201c48.500 y\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya rekoru\u201d dedi. Ekip, son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda toplam yedi antik vir\u00fcs \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

EVR\u0130M TAR\u0130H\u0130N\u0130 DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130REB\u0130L\u0130R<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 bularak yeni bir rekora imza att\u0131lar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ke\u015ffin, evrim tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Gr\u00f6nland’da bulunan Buz Devri’nden kalma tortuda iki milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar uzanan DNA par\u00e7alar\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi. Ke\u015fif, en son teknoloji kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131ld\u0131. DNA son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bozulabilir, ancak do\u011fru ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda bulunursa, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n onu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na ve gezegenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenmesine yetecek kadar uzun ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n

Ke\u015ffe yer verilen makalede, ekibin DNA \u00f6rneklerini eski koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar da anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, hayvanlar, bitkiler ve tek h\u00fccreli organizmalar aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimlerin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi de dahil olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski DNA’s\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fle ilgili daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 verebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

ALZHEIMER TE\u015eH\u0130S\u0130NDE B\u00dcY\u00dcK ADIM<\/b><\/p>\n

Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisinde yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da bu y\u0131l\u0131n dikkat \u00e7eken geli\u015fmelerinden biri oldu. Basit bir kan testi Alzheimer semptomlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan y\u0131llar \u00f6nce y\u00fczde 99 do\u011frulukla tespit edebiliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, kan testi ile semptomlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilerini tespit edilebilece\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Alzheimer’\u0131n gelecekte sadece bir idrar testiyle te\u015fhis edilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve an\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131ndan ve depolanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu beyin h\u00fccrelerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan sonra bu haber hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in umut oldu.<\/p>\n

KANSER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N UMUT VEREN GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/b><\/p>\n

Uzun s\u00fcredir bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda olan ve pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131saltan ya da sonland\u0131ran kanser ile ilgili 2022\u2019de birbiri ard\u0131na umut veren geli\u015fmeler kaydedildi. Kemoterapi almadan tedavi olma, sadece ameliyat\u0131n yeterli olmas\u0131, kullan\u0131labilecek basit bir ila\u00e7, erken te\u015fhis i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen kan testleri ve \u00e7ok daha ilginci; Covid\u2019in kanseri tedavi etme g\u00fcc\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l kanserle ilgili birbirinden \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Son olarak da neredeyse iki y\u0131ld\u0131r t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan, alt\u0131 milyon insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine neden olan Covid-19\u2019un kanser i\u00e7in umut olmas\u0131 konu\u015fuluyor.<\/p>\n

Pandemi d\u00f6neminde de kanser ile etkile\u015fimi dikkat \u00e7eken vir\u00fcsle ilgili yap\u0131lan son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 hem \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131 hem de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in umut oldu. Laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Covid’de bulunan proteinin modifiye edilmi\u015f bir versiyonunun, tedaviye diren\u00e7li ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl akci\u011fer kanseri t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bu y\u0131l da bo\u015f durmad\u0131 ve birbirinden heyecanl\u0131 ke\u015fifle, bulu\u015fla, yenilikle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecanland\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Uzay biliminden a\u015f\u0131lara, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan ke\u015fiflerden gelece\u011fi ayd\u0131nlatacak bulu\u015flara i\u015fte 2022’de bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na damga vuran olaylar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[502,141,500,169,162],"class_list":["post-68539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-bilim","tag-dunya","tag-insan","tag-kan","tag-virus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=68539"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68541,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68539\/revisions\/68541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/68540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=68539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=68539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=68539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}