{"id":6960,"date":"2022-07-13T11:50:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-13T11:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=6960"},"modified":"2022-07-13T11:50:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-13T11:50:07","slug":"30-yil-10-milyar-dolar-harcandi-james-webb-uzay-teleskobu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/?p=6960","title":{"rendered":"30 y\u0131l, 10 milyar dolar harcand\u0131: James Webb Uzay Teleskobu"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda NASA’n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 James Webb Uzay Teleskobu’nun g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fclendi. \u015eimdiye kadar evrenin en net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini yakalayan uzay teleskobu James Webb’in maceras\u0131 nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131? Ne zaman f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131? Di\u011fer uzay teleskoplar\u0131ndan fark\u0131 ne?<\/b><\/p>\n

NASA, \u015fimdiye kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc uzay tabanl\u0131 g\u00f6zlemevi olan James Webb Uzay Teleskobu\u2019ndan bir dizi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yay\u0131nlad\u0131ktan sonra, g\u00f6k bilimciler yeni bir uzay g\u00f6zlemi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan ettiler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde d\u00f6nen aletten elde edilen g\u00f6rseller, on y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan projenin meyvelerini vermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bilim insanlar\u0131na da rahat bir nefes ald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc bir Beyaz Saray bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra, ABD uzay ajans\u0131, Maryland\u2019deki Goddard Uzay U\u00e7u\u015f Merkezi\u2019nden sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

DAHA \u00d6NCE H\u0130\u00c7 G\u00d6R\u00dcLMEYEN AYRINTILARI ORTAYA \u00c7IKARDI<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, g\u00f6zlemevinin zaman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na bakma, evrenin derin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesindeki gezegenlerin \u00e7evresini saran atmosferlerin incelenmesine olanak sa\u011flama potansiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilham veriyor.<\/p>\n

NASA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6revdeki k\u0131demli proje bilimcisi Dr John Mather, \u201c\u00c7ok heyecanland\u0131m ve rahatlad\u0131m. Bu \u00e7ok zor bir g\u00f6revdi ve \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ger\u00e7ekten ne kadar zor oldu\u011funu anlatmak imkans\u0131z\u2026 Ama ba\u015fard\u0131k\u201d dedi. Webb\u2019in proje y\u00f6neticisi Dr Bill Ochs, teleskobun m\u00fckemmel durumda oldu\u011funu ve bilimsel gereklilikleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Webb\u2019de operasyon projesi bilimcisi olan Dr Jane Rigby, \u201cBu galaksileri daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u0130R \u0130LK YA\u015eANDI\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlanan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 milyar \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki SMACS 0723 g\u00f6kada k\u00fcmesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00f6kadalar\u0131 13 milyar y\u0131ldan daha \u00f6nce olduklar\u0131 gibi odak haline getirdi.<\/p>\n

Galaksilerden birinden gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n analizi, bu kadar uzak bir galaksi i\u00e7in bir ilk olarak kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen uzay g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, f\u0131rlatma rampas\u0131na ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck gecikmeler ve maliyet a\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Webb i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131. Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri projede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim insanlar\u0131 nihayet bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle rahat bir nefes alabildiler. Peki James Webb, bu hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere kadar neler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

30 YIL VE 10 M\u0130LYAR DOLAR HARCANDI<\/b><\/p>\n

30 y\u0131l ve 10 milyar dolarl\u0131k harcamadan sonra, James Webb Uzay Teleskobu (JWST) Aral\u0131k 2021\u2019de f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. Tarihin en gecikmeli teleskobu olan James Webb Uzay Teleskobu’nun daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar veri almaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve evreni benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fekilde ke\u015ffetmesi ama\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

JWST’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na 1990’larda ba\u015fland\u0131. O zamanki NASA y\u00f6neticisi Dan Goldin, uzay teleskoplar\u0131n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve daha cesur olmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etti. Ancak uzay arac\u0131nda yap\u0131lmak istenen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bir yandan da teknik karma\u015faya neden oluyordu.<\/p>\n

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DEFALARCA ERTELEND\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Daha komplike bir uzay arac\u0131, daha \u00e7ok test ve daha \u00e7ok zaman demekti. JWST i\u00e7in de kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k 2011’de doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131: Arac\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 montaj\u0131n son a\u015famas\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, proje h\u00e2l\u00e2 bor\u00e7 i\u00e7indeydi ve f\u0131rlatma rampas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

James Webb, bu tip nedenlerden dolay\u0131 birden fazla ertelemeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131rlatma tarihi olarak ilk olarak 2007 olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. 2007’den 2011’e ve ard\u0131ndan 2013\u2019e ertelenince bas\u0131nda da s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi. Son olarak 2019’da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan f\u0131rlatma, Mart 2021’e ertelenmi\u015f, Mart 2021’deki de 31 Ekim 2021’e ertelenmi\u015fti. Ertelenme nedenleri aras\u0131nda pandemiden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z testlere kadar pek \u00e7ok etken vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hubble Uzay Teleskobu<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

HUBBLE\u2019IN YER\u0130N\u0130 ALACAK<\/b><\/p>\n

Hubble’\u0131n yerini almas\u0131 planlanan JWST, Hubble\u2019dan daha farkl\u0131 bir mekanizmaya sahip ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi Hubble gibi pek de misafirperver de\u011fil. Hubble\u2019\u0131n D\u00fcnya etraf\u0131ndaki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi ve tasar\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde, astronotlar uzay arac\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret edebiliyor, ancak ayn\u0131 durum JWST i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil. Bu y\u00fczden de testleri titizlikle ilerledi; bu da, s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6revin ertelenmesine, iptal edilmesine, b\u00fct\u00e7enin g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

James Webb Uzay Teleskobu, selefi Hubble Uzay Teleskobu’ndan daha hafif. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, bir \u015feyin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir versiyonu olu\u015fturulurken, daha a\u011f\u0131r ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 beklenir. Ancak bu, JWST i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Hubble 2,4 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda, sa\u011flam bir ana aynas\u0131 ve 4.0 metrekarelik bir alan\u0131 var. James Webb ise 25.37 metrekarelik bir alana sahip, 18 farkl\u0131 ayna par\u00e7as\u0131ndan olu\u015fan 6.5 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

James Webb, Hubble’dan daha hafif oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de muazzam bir m\u00fchendislik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fda Hubble\u2019\u0131n yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, solda ise James Webb\u2019in yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

HUBBLE\u2019I GE\u00c7T\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

James Webb ve Hubble uzay teleskoplar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise NASA\u2019n\u0131n neden 25 y\u0131l ve 10 milyar dolar harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdiye kadar, JWST\u2019nin yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere en yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, yaln\u0131zca 1990\u2019da D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine f\u0131rlat\u0131lan Hubble Uzay Teleskobu\u2019ndan geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Leicester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde astrofizik ve uzay bilimi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Martin Barstow, \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc astronomi i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olacak ve evren hakk\u0131nda \u015fu anda sahip oldu\u011fumuzdan \u00e7ok daha derin bir anlay\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Edinburgh\u2019deki Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Astronomi Teknoloji Merkezi direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Webb\u2019deki orta k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi arac\u0131n ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Prof Gillian Wright, \u201cPerformans muhte\u015fem. Di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki gezegenleri do\u011frudan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilmekten bahsetti\u011fimizde, bunu \u015fimdi yapabilece\u011fimizi biliyoruz. \u015eimdi i\u015f, teleskobun bunu yap\u0131p yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, hangi y\u0131ld\u0131zlara bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi gezegenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

JAMES WEBB K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/b><\/p>\n

Evrenin birbirinden b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 yakalayan JWST, ismini ise eski bir NASA y\u00f6neticisi olan James Edwin Webb’den al\u0131yor. 1949-1952 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda devlet m\u00fcste\u015far\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilisi Webb, ayr\u0131ca 14 \u015eubat 1961’den 7 Ekim 1968’e kadar NASA’n\u0131n atanan ikinci y\u00f6neticisi oldu. Webb, Kennedy y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan Johnson y\u00f6netiminin sonuna kadar NASA’y\u0131 denetledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda NASA’n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 James Webb Uzay Teleskobu’nun g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fclendi. \u015eimdiye kadar evrenin en net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[188,1350,2277,2207,212],"class_list":["post-6960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-bas","tag-goruntu","tag-hubble","tag-james-webb","tag-uzay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6960"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6962,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6960\/revisions\/6962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}