Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekosistemin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla 21 \u015eubat\u2019tan itibaren Marmara Denizi ile \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndaki hamsi avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n
Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, hem g\u00f6zlem ve denetimlerde hem de ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n izleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Marmara Denizi ile \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda avlanan ve yasan\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi boy uzunlu\u011fu kriterlerini ta\u015f\u0131mayan hamsilerin oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ve et verimliliklerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fck tespit edildi\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u201cBALIKLAR \u00c7OK ZAYIF\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Su Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Su \u00dcr\u00fcnleri \u0130\u015fleme Teknolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. Firdes Saadet Karakulak, son d\u00f6nemde avlanan bal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok zay\u0131f oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Marmara Denizi\u2019nin ekosisteminde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu\u011funu ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n mutlaka azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kaydeden Karakulak, \u201cEkosistemin kendi kendine yenilenmesini beklemememiz laz\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn Marmara Denizi\u2019ndeki insan kaynakl\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, deniz kirlili\u011fine yol a\u00e7an ar\u0131tma sistemlerinin ileri biyolojik sistem olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cBOY TUTSA DA K\u0130LO TUTMUYOR\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130lk \u00fcreme boylar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak her bal\u0131k i\u00e7in avlanma boyu saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hamsi i\u00e7in bu boyun 9 santimetre oldu\u011fu bilgisini veren Karakulak, \u201c\u015eu anda avlanan hamsilerin boylar\u0131 9 santimetrenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok zay\u0131flar, kondisyonlar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, bu da yeterince beslenemediklerini g\u00f6steriyor. Ekosistem bozuldu, art\u0131k bal\u0131klar kaliteli planktonla beslenemiyor\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisine de de\u011finen Karakulak, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cSular git gide \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yor, canl\u0131lar\u0131n adaptasyonu farkl\u0131, her canl\u0131 buna uyum sa\u011flayam\u0131yor. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck palejik bal\u0131klar, hamsi, istavrit gibi bal\u0131klar planktonla besleniyor. Onlar\u0131n tercih etti\u011fi t\u00fcrler var, bunlar bozulan ekosistemden dolay\u0131 azald\u0131. Onun yerine \u00f6trofikasyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ama bal\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan besin kalitesinin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu plankton gruplar\u0131 artt\u0131. Hamsiler \u015fu an Marmara Denizi\u2019nde yeterince beslenemiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cK\u0130RL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130N AZALTILMASI LAZIM\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Marmara Denizi\u2019nin bozulan ekosisteminde denizanalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011finin ve denizanalar\u0131n\u0131n besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bal\u0131klara rakip oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Karakulak, bal\u0131klar\u0131n yeterince beslenememesinde bu durumun da etkili oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hamsi avlama yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bir karar oldu\u011fu yorumunu yapan Karakulak \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cEn az\u0131ndan bal\u0131klar deniz ortam\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, gelecek y\u0131l kendilerini toparlayabilirler. 0-1 ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klar\u0131n da avland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Onlar\u0131 korumak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle bir karar al\u0131nd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Marmara Denizi\u2019nde bal\u0131klar\u0131n geneli i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 var. Av miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n seneler i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. B\u00fct\u00fcn bal\u0131klarda; palamut, l\u00fcfer, istavrit, kefal, sardalya, dil, pisi, hepsinde bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f s\u00f6z konusu. Bu bozulan sistemde \u00f6ncelikli olarak kirlili\u011fin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n Deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n stres alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve stoklar\u0131n giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Karakulak, al\u0131nabilecek \u00f6nlemleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131: \u201cEnd\u00fcstriyel bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamam\u0131z laz\u0131m, Marmara Denizi\u2019nde trol bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasak, g\u0131rg\u0131r bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 da istavriti, sardalyay\u0131, hamsiyi yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde avl\u0131yor. O y\u00fczden s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n getirilmesi, avc\u0131l\u0131kta mutlaka kota sisteminin olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Bir teknenin avlayaca\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131 belirlememiz gerekiyor. Maalesef bu uygulamalar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in denize \u00e7\u0131kan bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yor, bu da stoklar\u0131n daha da azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. G\u0131rg\u0131r bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sadece Marmara Denizi\u2019nde de\u011fil Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz\u2019de de avc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda bizim bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerle, \u00f6zellikle Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ikili anla\u015fmalar yaparak b\u00fcy\u00fck bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 buraya y\u00f6nlendirmemiz laz\u0131m. Art\u0131k t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00fclkeler kendi bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k filosunu azaltma e\u011filimindeler.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cBES\u0130N Z\u0130NC\u0130R\u0130NDEK\u0130 BOZULMA T\u00dcR POP\u00dcLASYONUNU ETK\u0130L\u0130YOR\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi Biyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Hidrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Muharrem Balc\u0131, Marmara Denizi\u2019nin uzun y\u0131llara dayal\u0131 kirlili\u011finin devam etti\u011fini ifade ederek, \u201c\u00c7evresel ko\u015fullarda insan etkisiyle yarat\u0131lan, do\u011fal olmayan de\u011fi\u015fimler, baz\u0131 agresif t\u00fcrlerin, rekabet\u00e7i t\u00fcrlerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Bu ortamda olu\u015fan stresle baz\u0131 hassas, narin t\u00fcrler yok olabilir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Kirlili\u011fin besin zincirinde bozulmaya neden olabilece\u011fine i\u015faret eden Balc\u0131, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu: \u201cBesin piramidinin temelini olu\u015fturan birincil \u00fcreticilerde bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman mutlaka \u00fcst basamaklar\u0131 etkileyecektir. Baz\u0131 mikroorganizmalar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde bal\u0131klar i\u00e7in toksik olabilir, kimisinin solunga\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kayabilir. Zincirin bir halkas\u0131nda ufak bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olsa av ve avc\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinde mutlaka kademeli olarak besin zinciri etkilenecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n \u0130nsan etkisi nedeniyle ekosistemin k\u0131r\u0131lgan hale geldi\u011fini dile getiren Balc\u0131, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle tamamlad\u0131: \u201cBaz\u0131 bal\u0131klar \u00fcremek i\u00e7in Ege\u2019den Marmara\u2019ya ya da Karadeniz\u2019e do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ederler. Marmara, \u00c7anakkale ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu. Buradaki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar di\u011fer denizleri etkileyecektir. Besin zincirindeki bozulman\u0131n t\u00fcrlerin pop\u00fclasyonunu etkilemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ya ortadan kalkmalar\u0131na ya da ba\u015fka bir yere gidip yerle\u015fmelerine sebep olacak, ba\u015fka bir yere gidemiyorsa yok olacak.\u201d (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uzmanlar Marmara Denizi’ndeki kirlilik ve besin zincirindeki bozulma nedeniyle kaliteli planktonlar bulamayan hamsilerin, boylar\u0131 ayn\u0131 kalsa bile yeterli beslenemediklerini ve zay\u0131f kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72328,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[2214,2224,527,7021,6999],"class_list":["post-72327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-balik","tag-besin","tag-deniz","tag-hamsi","tag-marmara-denizi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=72327"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72329,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72327\/revisions\/72329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/72328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=72327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=72327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=72327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}