Geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomiler, enerji g\u00fcvenliklerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla temiz enerji teknolojilerine yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131 (IRA) kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ye\u015fil enerji teknolojilerine y\u00f6nelik vergi indirimleri ve te\u015fviklerin ard\u0131ndan Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) de Amerikan korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tepki vererek enerji krizinin ard\u0131ndan sanayi \u015firketlerinin ve ye\u015fil teknoloji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019ye ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla kendi sanayi plan\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Avrupa, ABD ile a\u00e7\u0131k bir ticaret \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 riskine girmekten \u00e7ekinirken, \u015fu ana kadar al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Ye\u015fil te\u015fvikler yeni bir \u201cticaret sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ak\u0131llara getirirken uzmanlar, ticaret kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etme endi\u015fesine ra\u011fmen ABD ile AB aras\u0131ndaki te\u015fvik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019DEN \u2018OYUN DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130C\u0130\u2019 YASA<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7en y\u0131l a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ABD tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201ciklim paketi\u201d olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cEnflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131\u201d bu kapsamda \u201coyun de\u011fi\u015ftirici\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Enflasyonun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k, iklim ve vergi d\u00fczenlemelerini i\u00e7eren yasayla sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcketicilerin ye\u015fil enerjiye y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131rken, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in 369 milyar dolarl\u0131k kaynak ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu kayna\u011f\u0131n 270 milyar dolar\u0131n\u0131n ise vergi te\u015fvikleri yoluyla sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla, \u00fclkede enerji faturalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131lda 500 ila 1000 dolar aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, karbon emisyonunun 2030\u2019a kadar y\u00fczde 40\u2019a kadar azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n
Vergi indirimleriyle elektrikli otomobil sat\u0131n almay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi de \u00f6ng\u00f6ren yasa kapsam\u0131nda, Kuzey Amerika\u2019da \u00fcretilen bataryalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6lgedeki madenlerden \u00e7\u0131kan mineralleri i\u00e7eren elektrikli ara\u00e7lara 7 bin 500 dolara kadar vergi indirimi verilmesi gibi d\u00fczenlemeler yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca yasayla ABD\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 20 y\u0131lda 2 trilyon dolara yak\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019na (IEA) g\u00f6re, Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131 (IRA) 2015\u2019te imzalanan Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra gelen en \u00f6nemli \u201ciklim eylemi\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131, elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n, bataryalar\u0131n ve yenilenebilir enerjilerin \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vergi indirimleri ve te\u015fviklerle yeni bir sanayi stratejisi sunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bu stratejinin ye\u015fil enerji alan\u0131na faaliyet g\u00f6steren k\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin \u00fcretimlerini de ABD\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edece\u011fi ve \u00fclkeye daha fazla sermaye \u00e7ekece\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
AB\u2019DEN YE\u015e\u0130L MUTABAKAT SANAY\u0130 PLANI<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle enerji krizinin ard\u0131ndan AB\u2019nin ye\u015fil teknoloji end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir risk olu\u015fturuyor. Yasan\u0131n ABD\u2019ye k\u0131yasla ye\u015fil te\u015fviklerin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve enerji faturalar\u0131n\u0131n nispeten daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019dan temiz enerji sermayesini \u00e7ekme potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
AB, vergi indirimlerini ABD\u2019de \u00fcretilen i\u00e7eri\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 hale getiren yeni d\u00fczenlemenin Avrupa\u2019daki otomobil \u015firketlerini ve batarya ile yenilenebilir enerji ekipmanlar\u0131 dahil ye\u015fil ekonomi alan\u0131ndaki \u00fcreticileri dezavantajl\u0131 hale getirece\u011finden endi\u015fe duyuyor.<\/p>\n
Avrupa h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerel olarak \u00fcretilen i\u00e7erikle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin AB\u2019deki \u015firketlere kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DT\u00d6) kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n
Kanada ve Meksika, ABD\u2019deki yasa kapsam\u0131ndan muaf tutulurken, AB de ABD\u2019den bu yasa kapsam\u0131nda kendi \u015firketlerine muafiyet talep ediyor. Bu konuda AB ve ABD\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ise s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin Kongre yoluyla Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131\u2019nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gitmesinin pek olas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak uygulama a\u015famas\u0131nda ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin end\u00fcstriyel rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131nda AB de kamu te\u015fvik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeler a\u00e7\u0131klayarak yasan\u0131n rekabet edebilirlik \u00fczerindeki etkisini hafifletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Son olarak \u015fubat ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131lan Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat Sanayi Plan\u0131 ile AB\u2019nin net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon alan\u0131ndaki sanayisinin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iklim dostu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn desteklenmesi hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu plan, AB kamu destek kurallar\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015fetilmesini, mevcut AB fonlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden y\u00f6nlendirilmesini, ye\u015fil projelere onaylar\u0131n h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n becerilerinin bu alanlara y\u00f6nlendirilmesini ve kritik ham maddelerde arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yeni ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n
Plan kapsam\u0131nda, AB\u2019yi enerjide ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirmek \u00fczere kurulan \u201cRepowerEU\u201d fonunun yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 milyar avroluk ek finansman\u0131n net s\u0131f\u0131r sekt\u00f6rlerine yeniden y\u00f6nlendirilme imkan\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyor. Bu kayna\u011fa ilave 100 milyar avroluk uyum fonun da bulundu\u011funa i\u015faret eden AB yetkilileri, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin bu kaynaklar\u0131 net s\u0131f\u0131r sanayiye vergi indirimleri ve te\u015fviklerde kullanabileceklerini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0130N YE\u015e\u0130L TEKNOLOJ\u0130LERDE L\u0130DER<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD ve AB aras\u0131nda ye\u015fil \u00fcretimi destekleme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fitili ate\u015flenirken, \u00c7in bu alanda hakimiyete sahip.<\/p>\n
Stratejik ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar Merkezi\u2019nin (CSIS) ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, yerli sanayisini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda kaynak harcayan \u00c7in\u2019in sanayi politikas\u0131 harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n 2019\u2019da 240 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n
IEA\u2019n\u0131n verileri de \u00c7in\u2019in ye\u015fil teknoloji \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli olan bir\u00e7ok mineralin i\u015flenmesine hakim oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. \u00c7in, kobalt\u0131n i\u015flenmesindeki k\u00fcresel pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70, lityum ve nikelde y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu kaydediliyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in ekonomisi, k\u00fcresel g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri ve batarya \u00fcretim kapasitesinin de y\u00fczde 70\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n
IEA\u2019n\u0131n Enerji Teknolojisi Perspektifleri Raporu\u2019nda da tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7in\u2019in 2030\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi mod\u00fclleri i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel pazar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131, elektroliz\u00f6rler i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel pazar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini ve d\u00fcnyadaki elektrikli ara\u00e7 bataryalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 tedarik edebilece\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
\u2018AB POL\u0130T\u0130KASI CEZALARA DAYANIYOR\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n
S&P Global Ratings Analisti Nora Wittstruck, AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ABD\u2019nin Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak Biden y\u00f6netiminin sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcyle ili\u015fkili teknolojileri destekleyecek temiz enerji ve yenilenebilir kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 ilerletme hedefleri \u00fczerinde duruldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Yasan\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcketicilere daha enerji verimli cihazlar almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in indirimler sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Wittstruck, yasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vergi avantajlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketlerin \u00fcretimlerinin ABD\u2019ye kaymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 halinde imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde daha fazla istihdam\u0131 da destekleyebilece\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Wittstruck, AB taraf\u0131nda ise temel endi\u015fenin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki politika stratejisindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ederek, \u201cABD\u2019nin Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131 \u015firketlere net s\u0131f\u0131ra ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvikler ve s\u00fcbvansiyonlar sa\u011flarken, Ye\u015fil Mutabakat (Green Deal) ve 55\u2019e Uyum (Fit For 55) paketindeki AB politikas\u0131 esas olarak sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na uymayan \u015firketlere y\u00f6nelik cezalara dayan\u0131yor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Nora Wittstruck, ancak AB\u2019nin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fcresel ekonomiye etkisini de de\u011ferlendiren Wittstruck, bunun \u015fu a\u015famada biraz belirsiz oldu\u011funu, yasa kapsam\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7eve uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunun muhtemelen belirgin hale gelece\u011fini ve uygulaman\u0131n da gelecek 30 ila 45 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Wittstruck, ABD ile AB aras\u0131ndaki ye\u015fil te\u015fvik rekabetinin k\u00fcresel ekonomiye etkilerinin de belirsiz oldu\u011funu belirterek, AB\u2019nin halihaz\u0131rda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut politikalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc koruyacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini beklediklerini ifade etti. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in bataryalar ve yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri gibi ye\u015fil teknolojilerin \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik te\u015fvikler, ABD ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) aras\u0131nda ticarette korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeni bir transatlantik rekabet alan\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[11,728,974,597,306],"class_list":["post-74473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-abd","tag-enerji","tag-sanayi","tag-yasa","tag-yesil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74473"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74475,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74473\/revisions\/74475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/74474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}