\u0130stanbul’u bekleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem tehlikesine g\u00f6zleri \u00e7eviren 17 A\u011fustos 1999 G\u00f6lc\u00fck merkezli deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130BB Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Ali M\u00fcfit G\u00fcrtuna, o d\u00f6nemde kenti depreme haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 S\u00d6ZC\u00dc’ye anlatt\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcrtuna’n\u0131n 1998-2004 aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130BB Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde; Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi (AKOM) kuruldu, zemin incelendi, binalar tarand\u0131, deprem master plan\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ancak o planlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu rafa kalkt\u0131, kente yerle\u015ftirilen afet konteyn\u0131rlar\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n hedefi olunca kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, afet yollar\u0131 otoparka d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, toplanma alanlar\u0131 imara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u201cYANLI\u015e \u00dcZER\u0130NE YANLI\u015e YAPILDI\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Eski \u0130BB Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali M\u00fcfit G\u00fcrtuna \u201c1999 sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul depremi i\u00e7in teorik ve pratik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar T\u00fcrkiye’ye \u00f6rnek olacak nitelikteydi. O \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda uygulansayd\u0131, afet plan\u0131, deprem master plan\u0131 yap\u0131lsayd\u0131 bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ya\u015famazd\u0131k. Bu felakete, bug\u00fcne kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne yanl\u0131\u015flar yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Gereken t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri alsayd\u0131k da asr\u0131n felaketi diye an\u0131lmak yerine asr\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc diye konu\u015fabilseydik. Maalesef asr\u0131n felaketi kavram\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak mecburiyetinde olan bir \u00fclke haline geldik\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cTOPLANMA ALANLARI \u0130MARA A\u00c7ILDI, N\u00dcFUS 20 M\u0130LYONA \u00c7IKTI\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna, 1999 depreminden bug\u00fcne dek ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130stanbul’un depreme haz\u0131r hale getirilemedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek \u201c\u0130stanbul depreme haz\u0131rlanamad\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu toplanma alan\u0131 imara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, n\u00fcfus 20 \u00a0milyona \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Muazzam bir rant olu\u015ftu. \u0130stanbul\u2019un n\u00fcfusu 30 milyona gidiyor. Marmara B\u00f6lgesi \u00f6zellikle de Do\u011fu Marmara 50 milyon n\u00fcfuslu bir b\u00f6lge olacak. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bo\u015falt\u0131yoruz. Hem deprem b\u00f6lgesine \u00e7ekiyoruz. Hem stratejik olarak \u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yanl\u0131\u015f bir uygulama yap\u0131yoruz. Allah korusun bir sava\u015f olsak nas\u0131l olacak ya? Bu insanlar nereye gidecek? Nas\u0131l i\u015f bulacak?\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201cYIKIMIN Y\u00dcZDE 1’\u0130 OLURDU\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna, \u201cBizim kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0 sistem t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye’de uygulansayd\u0131 6 \u015eubat depremlerindeki y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ancak y\u00fczde 1’i olurdu. Binalar yass\u0131 kaday\u0131f gibi tuz buz olarak y\u0131k\u0131lmazd\u0131. Binalar enkaz de\u011fil bir kum y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Sistem yok, y\u00f6neten ak\u0131l yok, irade yok. Temel eksi\u011fimiz bu. Hep el yordam\u0131yla konu\u015fuyoruz. Herkes fili tuttu\u011fu yerden tarif ediyor. Biz fili bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp, kurgusunu yapmak zorunday\u0131z. Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele alm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131k bu hasarlar olmayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc devlet nerede tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da olmayacakt\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n AKOM KURULDU<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna, uzmanlar\u0131n \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin habercisi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 17 A\u011fustos 1999 depreminin ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n *O g\u00fcn\u00fc kadar \u0130stanbul’un afet y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 yoktu. \u00a0Sadece sismik olarak yer yer yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f jeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131.\u00a0 \u00a0D\u00fcnyay\u0131 et\u00fct ettirdim. G\u00f6rd\u00fck ki bu i\u015fi en iyi yapan Los Angeles afet y\u00f6netimi. Biz onu esas ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n *D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en ileri afet y\u00f6netim sistemini haz\u0131rlad\u0131k. \u00a0Ve 17 A\u011fustos depreminden hemen sonra eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda sadece deprem i\u00e7in itfaiye b\u00fcnyesinde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015fubat ay\u0131nda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k talimat\u0131yla kurumsal bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n *AKOM kuruldu. \u0130sim babas\u0131 benim. Bilimsel ve teknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, makine ve ekipman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel haz\u0131rl\u0131klar, e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, ileti\u015fim ve bilgi teknolojisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yap\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, idari hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler ve mali kayna\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131n entegre olarak faaliyete ge\u00e7ece\u011fi acil durum plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, halk\u0131n depreme haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131k.<\/p>\n \u201cZEM\u0130N\u0130N DURUMUNU ORTAYA KOYDUK\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n *Zeminin karakterini ve depreme olan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettik. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019yle birlikte zemin \u00e7ekirdek bilgi bankas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturduk.<\/p>\n *Japon uzmanlarla mikro b\u00f6lgeleme dedi\u011fimiz ve afetin etkilerini \u00f6nleme veya en aza indirgeme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na imza att\u0131k.<\/p>\n *\u0130stanbul’da \u00a0b\u00f6lge b\u00f6lge parsel parsel en mikro noktas\u0131na kadar incelemi\u015f oldu. Binalar\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdik.<\/p>\n *\u0130stanbul\u2019un hangi il\u00e7esinde, hangi mahallesinde, hangi caddesinde ne kadar bina y\u0131k\u0131lacak, ne kadar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r hasar, ne kadar orta, ne kadar hafif hasar alacak, ne kadar \u00f6l\u00fcm olabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin tahmini olarak ortaya koyduk. Bu bir te\u015fhis \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Sonra tedavinin nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131na bakt\u0131k.<\/p>\n DEPREM MASTER PLANI HAZIRLANDI<\/strong><\/p>\n *Tedavi i\u00e7in \u0130T\u00dc, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi, YT\u00dc ve ODT\u00dc ile deprem master plan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n *300 uzman \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 2003 eyl\u00fcle kadar zemin mikro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, zemin et\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, deprem master plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n *Deprem master plan\u0131 i\u00e7ine acil yard\u0131m kurtarma sistemini, ula\u015f\u0131m hatlar\u0131, su hatlar\u0131, enerji hatlar\u0131, ileti\u015fim haberle\u015fme hatlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de koyduk.<\/p>\n B\u0130NA TARAMASI YAPILDI<\/strong><\/p>\n *\u0130stanbul\u2019daki t\u00fcm yap\u0131lar\u0131n zemin et\u00fcd\u00fcyle birlikte elden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekiyordu. \u00a0Depremde faal olacak binalar\u0131n mutlaka ayakta kalmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131, belediye binalar\u0131, valilik binas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n *Okullar, camiler, hastaneler ayakta kalmal\u0131 ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar sivil binalar\u0131n da ayakta kalmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikli binalar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde taratt\u0131k. 7.5 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremde a\u011f\u0131r hasar alacak, hafif hasar g\u00f6rme ihtimali olan binalar tespit edildi.<\/p>\n *Zeytinburnu’nu pilot b\u00f6lge ilan ettik. \u0130stanbul\u2019da gecekondula\u015fman\u0131n ilk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdi. 1960’lardan itibaren bir\u00e7ok imar d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ilk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. En eski binalar, en imar d\u0131\u015f\u0131 binalar oradayd\u0131.<\/p>\n *B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 deprem master plan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131k. D\u00fc\u011fmeye bast\u0131k. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 herkese anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n *Kaybedecek zaman yok dedik. Bunlar\u0131 yapmam\u0131z gerekiyor diye anlatt\u0131k. Ama maalesef tam duyuramad\u0131k.<\/p>\n *Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak belgeleri ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa da g\u00f6nderdik. Bunun bir \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de b\u00fct\u00fcn illere, bu afet y\u00f6netim \u00a0sisteminin kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine de \u0131srarla vurgulad\u0131k.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130STANBUL’DA B\u0130ZDEN SONRA BU S\u0130STEM \u00c7ALI\u015eMADI\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna, haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 deprem master plan\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u00fcre sonra rafa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak uygulansa deprem an\u0131nda nas\u0131l foto\u011fraf\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n *Zemine g\u00f6re bina yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, binalar sa\u011flam, afet y\u00f6netim sistemi haz\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00fcn alet, ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler en modern \u015fekliyle haz\u0131r. Deprem oldu\u011fu anda sistem devreye giriyor.<\/p>\n *3 dakika i\u00e7inde orada ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsun. Bu sistemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla zaten \u00e7ok az say\u0131da hasarl\u0131 bina olacak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mekanizma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Hasarl\u0131 binalar elenmi\u015f. Ve bir bina ba\u015f\u0131na ilk 10 dakikada 25 ki\u015fi gitmi\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n *2 saatte \u00e7evre illerden gelenlerin m\u00fcdahalesiyle \u00e7ad\u0131r kentin kurulmas\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. G\u0131da an\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n *Bu mekanizma \u00f6nceden haz\u0131r olmal\u0131. Son dakika d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek \u015feyler de\u011fil. Ama bunun i\u00e7in buna inanm\u0131\u015f, bu i\u015fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne inanm\u0131\u015f \u00a0bu iradeyi koymu\u015f bir yap\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n *\u0130stanbul’da bizden sonra bu sistem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131. Biz 400 k\u00fcsur deprem toplanma alan\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, 300’e yak\u0131n\u0131 imara a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Benim ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6nemimde \u0130stanbul\u2019un n\u00fcfusu 10-11 milyondu. Benim hedefim \u0130stanbul\u2019u 7-8 milyona indirmekti.<\/p>\n *Sanayinin tasfiyesiyle yava\u015f yava\u015f Anadolu\u2019da olu\u015fturulacak \u00e7ekim noktalar\u0131na bu n\u00fcfusun aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklindeydi. Maalesef bug\u00fcn 16 milyon resmi n\u00fcfusumuz var ama 20 milyondan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil ger\u00e7ek n\u00fcfus.<\/p>\n *Kay\u0131tl\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z ne kadar belli de\u011fil. Yap\u0131lan binalar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri belli de\u011fil. Yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f devasa il\u00e7eler var. Belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 git yap diyor. 20-30-50 kat istedi\u011fi gibi yap\u0131yor insanlar. Akla ziyan i\u015fler olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n *Onun i\u00e7in ben \u0130stanbul\u2019da yeni bina, eski bina ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131yorum. Yeni yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n da bir\u00e7o\u011fundan endi\u015feliyim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7o\u011fu imara uygun, projeye uygun de\u011fil\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00dcTEAHH\u0130T Z\u0130NC\u0130R\u0130N\u0130 SADECE B\u0130R HALKASI\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna m\u00fcteahhitlerin \u201cg\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi\u201d ilan edilmesini de ele\u015ftirerek \u201cM\u00fcteahhitler 100 halkal\u0131k zincirin, bir halkas\u0131. Geri kalan 99 halka nerede? \u015eimdi bak\u0131yorum; 20-30 m\u00fcteahhite su\u00e7u y\u00fckl\u00fcyoruz. Geri kalanlar\u0131 kurtar\u0131yoruz. Zincirin halkalar\u0131ndan eksi\u011fi kusuru olan kim varsa bunun bedelini \u00f6demeli\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Deprem konteyn\u0131rlar\u0131 ve afet yollar\u0131na ne oldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan afet acil eylem plan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kente i\u00e7inde jenerat\u00f6r, delici alet edevat gibi kurtarma malzemelerinin bulundu\u011fu deprem konteyn\u0131rlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n H\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n hedefi haline gelen konteyn\u0131rlardan geriye bug\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 adet kald\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrtuna, s\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n *\u0130\u00e7inde 100 \u00e7e\u015fit malzeme vard\u0131. Afet y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7ekirdek birimini mahallede ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Muhtar ve mahalle afet g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerinden olu\u015fan bir sistem kurgulad\u0131k.<\/p>\n *Afet oldu\u011funda mahallede asgari d\u00fczeyde m\u00fcdahale ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7leri olmal\u0131 dedik. 10 dakikada var\u0131lmal\u0131 binaya. Bunun i\u00e7in ekibin orada olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n *Ama aman i\u00e7inde ihmal edildi, organizasyonlar bozuldu. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu ya\u011fmaland\u0131. \u015eimdi ortada oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131yorum. \u0130stanbul’da 4-5 bin civar\u0131nda konteyner koymu\u015ftuk. Her mahallede ana caddelerin baz\u0131 yerlerinde vard\u0131.<\/p>\n *O d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul’da acil afet yollar\u0131 planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 ancak \u015fu an hepsi otopark alan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da ileri bir afet bilincine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n *\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu konu topyekun haz\u0131rlanma meselesi. Yollarda deprem acil yolu olu\u015fturup parklanma yasa\u011f\u0131 getiriyoruz. Ama park ediyorlar. Deprem olsa t\u0131kanacak o yol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" AKOM\u2019un kurucusu olan ve uzmanlarla birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019u depreme haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in ilk yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan eski \u0130BB Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali M\u00fcfit G\u00fcrtuna, \u201cBizim kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sistem bizden sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu toplanma alan\u0131 imara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, n\u00fcfus 20 milyona \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bug\u00fcne kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne yanl\u0131\u015flar bu felakete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[3715,1958,1597,96,669],"class_list":["post-74983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-binalar","tag-deprem","tag-hazir","tag-istanbul","tag-yapi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74983"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74985,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74983\/revisions\/74985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/74984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}