Modern teknolojilere g\u00fc\u00e7 veren yar\u0131 iletkenlerde f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak istemeyen \u00fclkeler, bu alandaki jeostratejik giri\u015fimleriyle k\u00fcresel rekabette \u00f6ne ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Yar\u0131 iletken sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, teknolojiye y\u00f6n vermek isteyen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 ticaret ve co\u011frafi gerilimlerin odak noktas\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor. Trilyon dolarl\u0131k bir pazara do\u011fru yol alan \u00e7ipler, yo\u011funlu\u011fu giderek artan bir teknoloji \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d merkezinde yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u201cMikro\u00e7ipler\u201d olarak da bilinen yar\u0131 iletkenler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n belkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ticari gerilim unsurlar\u0131ndan biri haline de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi McKinsey\u2019e g\u00f6re, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 580 milyar dolar olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en \u00e7ip pazar\u0131n\u0131n 2030\u2019da 1 trilyon dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Teknolojiye y\u00f6n veren \u00fclkeler \u00e7ip \u00fcretimine b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131yor olsa da d\u00fcnyada kendi kendine yetecek \u015fekilde \u00e7ip \u00fcretebilen tek bir yar\u0131 iletken tesisi hen\u00fcz bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n
PARA KAZANMANIN \u00d6TES\u0130NDE B\u0130R YARI\u015e<\/b><\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretiminin son derece karma\u015f\u0131k ve birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle tedarik zincirindeki aksakl\u0131klar, bir\u00e7ok teknolojik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretiminde k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011fa neden oluyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7iplere ili\u015fkin tasar\u0131m gibi AR-GE yo\u011fun faaliyetlerde ABD ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekerken, Do\u011fu Asya, sa\u011flam altyap\u0131ya ve vas\u0131fl\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne eri\u015fim gerektiren \u00e7ip imalat\u0131nda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Nispeten daha az beceri ve daha \u00e7ok sermaye gerektiren montaj, paketleme ve testte lider konumda bulunan \u00c7in, de\u011fer zincirinde geni\u015flemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, \u00c7in ve ABD, \u201cmodern elektroni\u011fin beynini\u201d yapmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Avrupa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 durumda. Hollanda\u2019dan gelen makineler olmadan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7ipler yap\u0131lam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in giyilebilir elektronikten ara\u00e7 i\u00e7i elektronik sistemlere kadar teknolojinin hemen hemen her alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan yar\u0131 iletkenlerin ekonomileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari f\u0131rsat olu\u015fturabilece\u011fine inanan ABD, \u00c7in, \u0130srail, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore, Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00fclkeler, bu alanda stratejiler olu\u015ftururken, te\u015fvik sistemlerini yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rarak milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mlara \u00f6nayak oluyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in, ABD ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c21\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n petrol\u00fc\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7ip m\u00fccadelesinin, para kazanmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da nedenleri bulunurken, bilgi i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fc ile askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ili\u015fki kuruluyor.<\/p>\n
\u00dcLKELER AVANTAJ ELDE ETMEYE \u00c7ALI\u015eIYOR<\/b><\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin bir \u00f6nceki ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan \u00c7in ile ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki rekabete h\u0131z verirken, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD\u2019de geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7iplerin \u00fcretiminde d\u00fcnyaya liderlik etmek i\u00e7in benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan Joe Biden\u2019in 9 A\u011fustos 2022\u2019de imzalayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe soktu\u011fu \u201c\u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131\u201d, \u00fclkede yerli yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretiminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cnesilde bir kez gelen yat\u0131r\u0131m f\u0131rsat\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde nitelendirilirken, ABD\u2019nin konumunu \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fi kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019e kayan \u00e7ip \u00fcretiminin tekrar ABD\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesini te\u015fvik eden 280 milyar dolarl\u0131k \u00e7ip yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, gelecek 6 ay boyunca yar\u0131 iletken fabrikalar\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi, sadece bu in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na 1 milyondan fazla istihdam sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Sadece ulusal \u00e7ip \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmay\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda geli\u015fmi\u015f bilgisayar, yapay zeka ve hatta silahlarda ilerlemelerini engellemek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7iplerin \u00c7in\u2019e sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 hedefleyen yasa kapsam\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131m hayata ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n
AB YER ED\u0130NMEK \u0130ST\u0130YOR<\/b><\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki teknolojik so\u011fuk sava\u015fta Avrupa da harekete ge\u00e7ti. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde (AB), \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde \u00e7ip \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u201c\u00c7ip Yasas\u0131\u201d ile 43 milyar avro kaynak sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir planda anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Japonya da \u00c7in\u2019e yar\u0131 iletken ihracat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrolleri s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racak d\u00fczenlemeleri duyurdu. Japon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, en erken temmuz ay\u0131nda, s\u00fcper bilgisayarlar\u0131n ve yapay zekan\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli son teknoloji yar\u0131 iletkenlere y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e ihracat\u0131 konusunda daha s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler ba\u015flataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ip k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00c7in de ilk kez ABD\u2019li bir \u00e7ip \u00fcreticisinden yap\u0131lacak al\u0131mlara k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirdi. \u00c7in\u2019de ABD\u2019li Micron Technologies hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen siber g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015firketin, kritik altyap\u0131 projelerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00c7inli \u015firketlere \u00e7ip ve entegre devre sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Merkezi Kaliforniya\u2019da bulunan \u00e7ip \u00fcreticisi Nvidia\u2019n\u0131n piyasa de\u011ferinin, yapay zeka \u00e7iplerine y\u00f6nelik artan talebin etkisiyle 1 trilyon dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131, bu alandaki yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemini bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0130N ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00c7in ekonomisi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Zhuoran Li de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD\u2019nin yar\u0131 iletken end\u00fcstrisinde \u00c7in ile rekabeti art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yeni yasa ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla \u00c7in ile teknoloji sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131n genel olarak kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcnleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlara \u00fcretmek oldu\u011funu savunan Li, \u00c7inli \u015firketleri yerel tedarike zorlaman\u0131n, \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini baltalayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Li, \u00c7in\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fana kadar deneme yan\u0131lma maliyetini kar\u015f\u0131layacak yeterli kayna\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funun g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fine i\u015faret ederek, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenlik odakl\u0131 sanayi politikas\u0131n\u0131n da k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemde at\u0131l\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019in kritik bir pazar olarak oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 role de\u011finen Li, bu nedenle \u00c7in\u2019i k\u00fcresel yar\u0131 iletken de\u011fer zincirinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakman\u0131n etkisiz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel yar\u0131 iletken pazar\u0131n\u0131n 2030’da 1 trilyon dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, bu alanda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmak isteyen \u00fclkeler \u00e7ip teknolojisine y\u00f6nelik stratejiler haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. ABD, \u00c7in, \u0130srail, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore, Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere, te\u015fvik sistemlerini yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rarak milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mlara \u00f6nayak oluyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":93471,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[11,793,1783,2175,7391],"class_list":["post-93470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-abd","tag-cin","tag-cip","tag-teknoloji","tag-yari-iletken"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=93470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93472,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93470\/revisions\/93472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/93471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=93470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=93470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=93470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}