\u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fme tehdidinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadeleye dikkati \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in 1994\u2019ten bu yana her 17 Haziran, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler karar\u0131yla \u201cD\u00fcnya \u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fme ve Kurakl\u0131kla M\u00fccadele G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak kutlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
2 M\u0130LYAR \u0130NSAN ETK\u0130LEND\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (WMO) verilerine g\u00f6re, 1900 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle 11 milyondan fazla insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, 2 milyar insan kurakl\u0131ktan etkilendi.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya genelinde y\u0131lda 6-8 milyar dolar zarar edilmesine neden olan kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in en maliyetli do\u011fal afet oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fmeyle M\u00fccadele S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (UNCCD) verilerine g\u00f6re ise t\u00fcm karasal ekosistemlerin y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fc, kurakl\u0131kla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunuyor.<\/p>\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin, \u00f6zellikle h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili zorluklar ya\u015fayan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde kurakl\u0131k riskini art\u0131rmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n ULUSAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K SORUNU<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dclkelerin y\u00fczde 70\u2019inden fazlas\u0131, kurakl\u0131k ve arazi bozunumu gibi iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerini ulusal g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fme nedeniyle 2045 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 135 milyon insan\u0131n evini terk etmek zorunda kalabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131na g\u00f6re ise kurakl\u0131k, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, azalan mahsul verimlili\u011fi, deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu gibi etmenler nedeniyle 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 216 milyon insan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalabilir.<\/p>\n Kurakl\u0131ktan etkilenen bitkiler son 40 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde olarak iki kattan fazla artarken her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 milyon hektar arazi kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme nedeniyle kaybediliyor.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn 3,6 milyar insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, her y\u0131l en az bir ay su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanan b\u00f6lgelerde, 2050\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde 4,8 ila 5,7 milyar insan\u0131n ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Y\u00dcZDE 44\u2019\u00dc AFR\u0130KA\u2019DA YA\u015eANIYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 etkilemesi tahmin edilen kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n son 100 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 44\u2019\u00fc Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada son yirmi y\u0131lda meydana gelen 134 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 70\u2019i de Afrika\u2019da oldu. Afrika topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin halihaz\u0131rda bir dereceye kadar bozulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ve arazi bozunumunun en az 485 milyon insan\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n 27 M\u0130LYAR DOLARI A\u015eTI<\/strong><\/p>\n Latin Amerika\u2019da ise 2050\u2019de tar\u0131m arazilerinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sinin \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmeye maruz kalmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Avrupa\u2019da son 10 y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan 45 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n maliyeti ise 27 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel Su Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (GWP) ile WMO\u2019nun ortak giri\u015fimi olan Entegre Kurakl\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi Program\u0131 (IDMP) kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmeyle m\u00fccadelede 3 madde \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n IDMP, \u0130zleme ve Erken Uyar\u0131 Sistemleri ile ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, toprak nemi, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi kurakl\u0131k g\u00f6stergelerinin izlenmesinin kritik \u00f6neme sahip oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n Hassasiyet ve Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi ile toplumun kurakl\u0131k tehlikelerine kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve s\u00f6z konusu tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 sosyal bilinci geli\u015ftirmeyi hedefleyen IDMP, kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmenin getirdi\u011fi risklere kar\u015f\u0131 ortak paydada bulu\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fccadeleyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n IDMP, Hafifletme ve M\u00fcdahale ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmenin olumsuz etkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in gerekli olan barajlar, m\u00fchendislik projeleri gibi yap\u0131sal, kamuoyu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve gibi yap\u0131sal olmayan \u00f6nlemler almay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. M\u00fcdahaleyle ise s\u00f6z konusu tehlikelerden etkilenen toplumun temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layarak kurakl\u0131k s\u0131ras\u0131nda ma\u011fdurlara yard\u0131m sa\u011flamak hedefleniyor. (AA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnya genelinde her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 milyon hektar arazi kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme nedeniyle kaybedilirken 2045 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 135 milyon insan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme nedeniyle evini terk etmek zorunda kalabilece\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[12507,141,3255,500,5140],"class_list":["post-99568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-collesme","tag-dunya","tag-etki","tag-insan","tag-kuraklik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=99568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99570,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99568\/revisions\/99570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/99569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=99568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=99568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haberulus.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=99568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}